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简要地回顾了水稻抗飞虱的遗传位点定位和作图的新进展。来自具有不同基因组的野生稻渗入系的 4个抗褐飞虱基因Bph 1、bph 2、bph 4和Bph 9,以及 4个暂定名抗褐飞虱基因Bph 10 (t)、bph 11(t)、bph 12 (t)和Bph 13(t) ,目前已被定位于水稻 12条染色体中的 5条。其中 ,Bph 1、bph 2、Bph 9和Bph 10 (t)在水稻第 12染色体的长臂上形成 1个连锁区段 ,位于bph 2位点附近约 2 5cM。检测出几个对田间抗性和杀卵作用有影响的QTL。抗白背飞虱基因Wbph 1、Wbph 2和Wbph 6 (t)已经或暂时定位了。粳稻中对白背飞虱具有杀卵抗性的QTL已进行了详细的分析 ,在第 6染色体的短臂上检测到有效的QTL ,在同一位点鉴定出 1个显性的杀卵基因Ovc。在杀卵基因Ovc存在时 ,第 1染色体上的 1个QTL和第 5染色体上的 2个QTL增加白背飞虱的卵死亡率。用DNA标记进行QTL作图可以加深人们对作物抗虫性中复杂的生理和遗传机理的理解。标记辅助选择可以加速培育具多基因抗虫性的作物 ,还可以将野生种中的有利抗虫特性转入改良品种中 ,增加作物抗虫性的持久性和遗传多样性。
A brief review of the genetic loci mapping and new progress of mapping against rice planthopper. Four BPH genes Bph 1, bph 2, bph 4 and Bph 9 derived from introgression lines of wild rice with different genomes and four genes of Bph 10 (t), bph 11 (t), bph 12 (t) and Bph 13 (t), which have been mapped to 5 of 12 chromosomes in rice. Among them, Bph 1, bph 2, Bph 9 and Bph 10 (t) form a linkage segment on the long arm of rice chromosome 12, which is about 25cM near the bph 2 site. Several QTLs were detected that had an impact on field resistance and egg killing. The anti-WBPH genes Wbph 1, Wbph 2 and Wbph 6 (t) have been or have been temporarily located. The QTL for oviposition resistance to whitebacked planthopper, Sogatella furcifera, in japonica rice has been analyzed in detail. An effective QTL was detected on the short arm of chromosome 6 and a dominant ovicidal gene Ovc was identified at the same locus. In the presence of ovicide Ovc, one QTL on chromosome 1 and two QTLs on chromosome 5 increased the egg-white mortality of the WBPH. Mapping QTLs with DNA markers can deepen understanding of the complex physiological and genetic mechanisms in crop pest resistance. Marker-assisted selection can speed up the cultivation of crops with polygenic insects, and also transfer the favorable insect resistance characteristics of wild species into improved varieties, increasing the persistence and genetic diversity of crop pest resistance.