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目的了解北京工农人群膳食胆固醇摄入水平、食物来源及其变化趋势。方法分别于1983～1984年、1993～1994年和1998年在北京工农人群进行连续3d24h回顾法进行膳食调查,三次分别调查35～59岁研究对象483、587、203人。结果80年代初到90年代末,北京工农人群膳食胆固醇的摄入量均呈上升趋势,与1983～1984年相比,1998年工人人群胆固醇平均摄入量增加53%,达到379.9mg/d,农民人群平均增加42%,达到246.6mg/d。蛋类和肉类是胆固醇最主要的食物来源,增加的胆固醇摄入量也主要来源于蛋类和肉类,内脏类食物对胆固醇摄入的增加也有较重要的影响。结论从80年代初到90年代末,北京工农人群膳食胆固醇摄入量明显增加。应适当控制蛋类的摄入量,并合理选择其他动物性食物的种类和数量,以减少膳食胆固醇的摄入水平,使居民膳食结构趋向合理。
Objective To understand the level of dietary cholesterol intake, food sources and their changing trends among workers and peasants in Beijing. Methods The dietary survey was conducted in Beijing workers and peasants from 1983 to 1984, from 1993 to 1994 and in 1998 for continuous 3d24h retrospectively. In the three surveys, 483, 587 and 203 persons aged 35 to 59 years were investigated respectively. Results From the early 1980s to the late 1990s, the dietary cholesterol intake of workers and peasants in Beijing showed an upward trend. Compared with 1983 to 1984, the average cholesterol intake of workers in workers increased by 53% to 379.9 mg / d, The average peasant population increased by 42% to 246.6mg / d. Eggs and meat are the main sources of cholesterol. The increased cholesterol intake also comes mainly from eggs and meat. The visceral foods also have a more important effect on the increase of cholesterol intake. Conclusion From the early 1980s to the late 1990s, dietary cholesterol intake of workers and peasants in Beijing increased significantly. Should properly control the intake of eggs, and a reasonable choice of other types and quantities of animal foods to reduce the level of dietary cholesterol intake, so that residents tend to dietary structure.