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目的给予大鼠相同含量的高饱和脂肪酸,多不饱和和单不饱和脂肪酸饮食,旨在探讨饮食中不同脂肪酸类型对大鼠胰岛素敏感性的影响。方法实验分4组:普通饲料组(N组),饱和脂肪酸组(S组),多不饱和脂肪酸组(P组),单不饱和脂肪酸组(M组);检测饲料和血液中脂肪酸含量,观察大鼠体重,空腹血糖(FBG)、空腹胰岛素(FINS)和血脂含量,进行静脉注射葡萄糖耐量试验(IGTT)确定糖代谢异常。结果 (1)检测饲料和血浆中游离脂肪酸含量,牛油组以饱和脂肪酸相对含量最高,豆油组和普通饲料组以多不饱和脂肪酸相对含量最高,茶油组以单不饱和脂肪酸相对含量最高。(2)相同条件喂养,不同脂肪酸类型的高脂饮食对大鼠体重和空腹血糖无明显差异;饱和脂肪酸组胰岛素抵抗指数高于多不饱和脂肪酸组,明显高于单不饱和脂肪酸和对照组(P﹤0.05);而饱和脂肪酸组胰岛素敏感性指数(ISI)低于多不饱和脂肪酸组,又显著低于单不饱和脂肪酸和对照组(P﹤0.01);血浆饱和脂肪酸水平与ISI呈负相关,单不饱和脂肪酸与ISI呈正相关。(3)比较血清甘油三酯,胆固醇,极低密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平,各高脂组明显高于对照组(P﹤0.05),高密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量在各实验组无明显差异。结论高饱和脂肪酸和多不饱和脂肪酸饮食热能比例接近40%的食物,均可引起胰岛素敏感性指数降低,诱导胰岛素抵抗的发生;而单不饱和脂肪酸高脂饮食可以诱导高脂血症,不影响胰岛素敏感性指数。
Objective To give rats the same content of high saturated fatty acids, polyunsaturated and monounsaturated fatty acids diet, to explore the different types of fatty acids in the diet on insulin sensitivity in rats. Methods The experiment was divided into four groups: normal feed group (N group), saturated fatty acid group (S group), polyunsaturated fatty acid group (P group) and monounsaturated fatty acid group (M group) The body weight, fasting blood glucose (FBG), fasting insulin (FINS) and blood lipid levels were observed. The glucose tolerance test (IGTT) was performed by intravenous injection to determine the abnormal glucose metabolism. Results (1) The contents of free fatty acids in feed and plasma were detected. The relative content of saturated fatty acid in butter oil group was the highest. The relative content of polyunsaturated fatty acid in soybean oil group and normal feed group was the highest. The relative content of monounsaturated fatty acid in tea oil group was the highest. (2) Under the same conditions, high fat diet with different fatty acids had no significant difference on body weight and fasting blood glucose. Insulin resistance index of saturated fatty acid group was higher than that of PUFAs group, significantly higher than that of monounsaturated fatty acid group and control group (P <0.05). However, the ISI of the saturated fatty acid group was significantly lower than that of the PUFA group and significantly lower than that of the monounsaturated fatty acid group and the control group (P <0.01). The plasma level of saturated fatty acid was negatively correlated with ISI , Monounsaturated fatty acids and ISI was positively correlated. (3) Serum triglycerides, cholesterol, and very low density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were significantly higher in all the hyperlipidemic groups than those in the control group (P <0.05). There was no significant difference in the content of HDL cholesterol in each experimental group. Conclusions Food with high saturated fatty acid and polyunsaturated fatty acid close to 40% of dietary calories can reduce the insulin sensitivity index and induce insulin resistance. However, the monoligneous fatty acid high fat diet can induce hyperlipidemia without affecting Insulin sensitivity index.