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脂质已经被广泛地用作多种药物传递系统中的主要组分,例如脂质体、固体脂质纳米粒、纳米结构脂质载体和溶致液晶。其中,溶致液晶具有高度的有序性和热力学稳定的内部纳米结构,从而具有作为持续释放药物模型的潜力。立方相和六角相的复杂结构已经被证实能够为活性药物原料(不同的相对分子质量和极性)提供由扩散控制的释放。此外,脂质的生物可降解性和生物相容性证明了其具有最小的毒性并且可应用于多种给药途径。因此,近几年对溶致液晶的研究已经吸引了很多研究者的关注。本文将对溶致液晶的结构特点、制备方法、表征进行综述。此外,溶致液晶作为药物传递系统的最新研究进展将被进一步讨论。
Lipids have been widely used as major components in a variety of drug delivery systems, such as liposomes, solid lipid nanoparticles, nanostructured lipid carriers, and lyotropic liquid crystals. Among them, lyotropic liquid crystals have highly ordered and thermodynamically stable internal nanostructures, thus having the potential as a sustained release drug model. The complex structure of cubic and hexagonal phases has been shown to provide diffusion-controlled release of the active pharmaceutical ingredient (different relative molecular masses and polarities). In addition, the biodegradability and biocompatibility of lipids prove to be of minimal toxicity and can be applied to a variety of routes of administration. Therefore, in recent years, the research on lyotropic liquid crystal has attracted the attention of many researchers. In this paper, the structural characteristics of lyotropic liquid crystals, preparation methods, characterization are reviewed. In addition, the recent progress of lyotropic liquid crystals as a drug delivery system will be further discussed.