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基于实际行驶状态下重型车动力需求和传动系统变化规律,建立了重型柴油车整车的瞬态油耗和排放模拟方法,可实现整车发动机工况及油耗与排放的实时模拟.为验证模型的有效性,利用重型车车载排放测试手段,以柴油公交车为研究案例,模拟并验证了车辆在实际运营线路上的油耗与排放水平.公交车综合线路实测百公里油耗为16.38L,NOx、CO和THC排放因子分别为4.44、3.35、1.96g·km-1,模拟结果与实测值基本吻合,其油耗与排放因子与实测值之比均在1.06倍左右.模拟结果显示,实测公交车怠速、NOx控制区及其它区域工况点分别占32.6%、7.1%和60.4%,增加10t负载或提高1.5倍车速可使发动机负荷利用率上升,控制区比例上升至18.4%和18.8%,同时增加负载和提高车速,控制区工况可提高至33.9%.相应地,增加负载或提高车速情景分别使车辆油耗与排放上升至1.5～1.7倍和1.6～1.8倍,同时增加负载和提高车速,油耗与排放可增至2.5倍～3.0倍,控制区油耗与排放比例均有大幅度上升.总体上,该模型方法可以为评价和研究重型柴油车在实际道路上的能耗及其排放状况提供新的模拟方法和分析手段.
Based on the dynamic requirements of heavy vehicles under actual driving conditions and the changing rules of transmission system, a transient fuel consumption and emission simulation method for heavy-duty diesel vehicles was established, which can realize real-time simulation of vehicle engine operating conditions and fuel consumption and emissions. The fuel consumption and emission level of the vehicle on the actual operation route were simulated and verified by using the diesel bus as a case study.The measured fuel consumption per hundred kilometers was 16.38L in the integrated bus route of the bus and the NOx and CO And THC emission factors were 4.44, 3.35 and 1.96 g · km-1, respectively, and the simulation results basically agree with the measured values, and the ratio of fuel consumption and emission factor to the measured values are both about 1.06 times.The simulation results show that the actual measured bus idle speed, NOx control zone and other regional operating conditions accounted for 32.6%, 7.1% and 60.4%, respectively. Increasing the load of 10t or increasing the vehicle speed by 1.5 times could increase the engine load utilization rate and increase the proportion of control zones to 18.4% and 18.8% And increase vehicle speed, the control area operating conditions can be increased to 33.9%. Correspondingly, increase the load or increase the vehicle speed scenarios to make the vehicle fuel consumption and emissions increased to 1.5 to 1.7 times and 1.6 to 1.8 times, while increasing Load and speed increase, fuel consumption and emissions can be increased 2.5 times to 3.0 times, the control area fuel consumption and emissions have increased significantly.In general, the model method can be used to evaluate and study the heavy-duty diesel vehicles in the actual road can Consumption and its emissions to provide new simulation methods and analytical tools.