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本文对不同时期粮食援助国际贸易规则进行了比较,并对新一轮多边贸易谈判就WTO《农业协定》第10.4条的不断修改和完善的内容进行对比分析。通过研究发现:约束粮食援助的国际规则从减少对一般营销需求的影响向充分满足人道主义需求的方向发展;新规则把紧急粮食援助与非紧急粮食援助区分开,通过建立“安全箱”明确了紧急粮食援助的范围,强调了人道主义援助的重要性,并进一步约束了非紧急粮食援助的商业替代行为。
This article compares the international trade rules for food aid in different periods and compares the new round of multilateral trade negotiations with the unceasing revision and improvement of article 10.4 of the WTO Agreement on Agriculture. The study found that the international rules that bound food aid evolved from fully reducing the impact on general marketing needs to fully meet the humanitarian needs. The new rules differentiated emergency food aid from non-emergency food aid by establishing “safe bins” Clarified the scope of emergency food aid, underlined the importance of humanitarian assistance and further constrained commercial alternatives to non-emergency food aid.