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在固体与液体质量比(简称固液比,下同)为1∶10时,将凹凸棒黏土(APT)分别采用体积分数1%盐酸、H2 SO4、H3 PO4、HClO4和H4 P2 O7溶液进行处理。以聚乙烯醇(PVA)和各种酸处理APT为原料,采用溶液-流延成膜法,制备了系列PVA/APT纳米复合膜。采用FTIR、SEM和XRD对PVA/APT纳米复合膜的结构进行了表征,测试了PVA/APT纳米复合膜的力学性能和耐水性能。结果表明,酸处理能溶出APT孔道中的杂质和碳酸盐,提高棒晶束的分散程度,因而APT可均匀分散在PVA基体中。与APT原土相比,酸处理APT明显改善了纳米复合膜的力学性能和耐水性能。其中,以HClO4处理APT时纳米复合膜的性能最优,拉伸强度及断裂延伸率分别提高了29.3%和74.9%,耐水性提高了32.2%。
The attapulgite clay (APT) was treated with 1% hydrochloric acid, H2 SO4, H3PO4, HClO4 and H4 P2 O7 solutions respectively at a mass ratio of solid to liquid (solid to liquid ratio, the same below) . A series of PVA / APT nanocomposite films were prepared by solution-cast film-forming method using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and various acid-treated APT as raw materials. The structure of PVA / APT nanocomposite films was characterized by FTIR, SEM and XRD. The mechanical properties and water resistance of PVA / APT nanocomposite films were tested. The results show that acid treatment can dissolve the impurities and carbonate in the APT pores and improve the degree of dispersion of the rod beam. Therefore, APT can be uniformly dispersed in the PVA matrix. Compared with APT original soil, acid treatment of APT significantly improved the mechanical properties and water resistance of the nanocomposite film. Among them, the performance of nanocomposite films treated with HClO4 was the best, the tensile strength and elongation at break increased by 29.3% and 74.9%, respectively, and the water resistance increased by 32.2%.