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颅咽管瘤约有150年历史,但1932年才由Cushing等确定“颅咽管瘤”这个名称。它约占全部颅内肿瘤的2％～4％(在儿童则为13％),且占儿童鞍区肿瘤的54％,新发病例数为0.5～2/(100万·年),11～20岁和41～50岁均为发病高峰,预后不理想[1]。 关于颅咽管瘤的基础研究很少,迄今没有突破性进展。由于肿瘤易与周围重要结构粘连,即使在现代影像学、麻醉学和显微神经外科条件下,手术也有困难,治疗方法很多且颇多争议[2]。今分述其临床基础与治疗进展。1 临床病理生理及相关基础研究1.1 病理生理 颅咽管瘤的组织起源迄今还没有明确。常分为鳞状上皮细胞,成釉上皮细胞和过渡型三种病理分型。
Craniopharyngioma is about 150 years old, but in 1932 by Cushing, etc. to determine the name of “craniopharyngioma.” It accounts for 2% to 4% of all intracranial tumors (13% in children), and accounts for 54% of the children with sellar tumors. The number of new cases is 0.5-2 / (1 million years) 20 years old and 41 to 50 years old are the peak incidence, the prognosis is not ideal [1]. There is very little basic research on craniopharyngiomas, so far no breakthrough has been made. Due to the fact that tumors are easily attached to important structures around them, surgery is difficult, even in modern imaging, anesthesia and microneurosurgical conditions, and many treatments are controversial [2]. This points out its clinical basis and treatment progress. 1 Clinical Pathophysiology and related basic research 1.1 Pathophysiology The origin of the organization of craniopharyngioma has so far not clear. Often divided into squamous epithelial cells, into epithelial cells and transitional three pathological types.