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从认识论角度看,模糊理论揭示了人类认识的模糊性。在阅读教学中,运用模糊理论,根据小语教材中模糊语言的特点对比进行科学处理,这对于引导深入理解内容、发展学生思维是颇为重要的。 一、不定性处理。“不定性”是模糊语言的显著特点,引导学生搞清楚模糊语言中的“不定性”内含,可促使学生灵活理解内容。如《在仙台》一文以“物希为贵”来说明“我”在仙台受到的优待,这就显示了“优待”的不定性。对此我这样引导理解:鲁迅在仙台受到什么优待?真是优待吗?这说明什么?以使学生知道:鲁迅虽说受到优待,但搬家前住处蚊子较多,搬家后吃的是难以下咽的芋梗汤,这就算不上什么优待,而这是由日本政府造成的,说明他们对中国留学生的岐视。这时,学生都以为鲁迅并没有受到优待。为此我又问:真不是优待吗?为什么?说明什么?以使学生明白:当时正值清朝末年,政府腐败,中国留学生受人岐视,而鲁迅在仙台能得到“学校不收学费”和
From the perspective of epistemology, fuzzy theory reveals the ambiguity of human understanding. In reading teaching, the use of fuzzy theory, according to the characteristics of fuzzy language in the teaching of small language textbooks for scientific comparison, which is to guide the in-depth understanding of the content, the development of students thinking is very important. First, uncertainty processing. “Uncertainty” is a distinctive feature of vague language. It leads students to understand the “indefiniteness” contained in vague language, which can encourage students to understand content flexibly. For example, in the article “In Sendai”, “Music is precious” is used to illustrate the preferential treatment of “I” in Sendai, which shows the uncertainty of “privilege”. In this regard, I guided and understood: What preferential treatment does Lu Xun receive in Sendai? Is it a preferential treatment? What does this show? In order to make students know that: Although Lu Xun is favored, there are more mosquitoes before moving and eating is difficult to swallow. Dang Tang, even if it is not a preferential treatment, and this is caused by the Japanese government, shows that they contempt for Chinese students. At this time, the students all thought that Lu Xun did not receive preferential treatment. To this end, I asked: “Isn’t it a preferential treatment? Why? What is it? To make students understand that at the time when the Qing government was corrupt, Chinese students were despised, and Lu Xun received “No tuition fees at the school” in Sendai.