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生物教师认识一定数量的植物是很必要的.初中植物学最后一次实验课,是采集和制作植物标本,需要把学生带到野外去,这就必然会遇到多种多样的植物.学生好奇、求知心切,不仅要求教师告诉他们采集和制作植物标本的方法,而且希望说明名称和用途.教师传授给学生的植物名称,必须符合植物分类的要求且与全国通用的汉名相一致;所说的用途要有据可查,避免以讹传讹.通过二十多年的实践,我已能辨认一百五十多科近二千种的植物,为带领学生采集植物标本创造了有利条件.我在认识植物的过程中,采取了如下一些方法: (一)熟悉各科植物最基本的特征.先熟悉一些常见科的特征.如菊科植物最基本的特征是具头状花序,花冠联合,筒状或舌状,聚药雄蕊,瘦果;又如禾本科植物花无花被,有内外颖壳,雄蕊3枚或6枚,雌蕊有两个羽毛状柱
It is necessary for biology teachers to know a certain number of plants. The last experimental class of junior botany is to collect and produce plant specimens and it is necessary to bring students to the field. This will inevitably encounter various plants. Students are curious, The eagerness for knowledge not only requires the teacher to tell them how to collect and produce plant specimens, but also hopes to explain the name and use. The name of the plant that the teacher teaches to the students must meet the requirements of the plant classification and is consistent with the Chinese name that is universally used throughout the country; The use should be well documented and avoid rumors. Through more than 20 years of practice, I have been able to identify nearly 2,000 species of plants in more than 150 families, creating favorable conditions for leading students to collect plant specimens. I am aware of plants. In the process, we adopted the following methods: (1) Familiarize ourselves with the most basic characteristics of various plants. First familiarize with the characteristics of some common families. For example, the most basic characteristics of Compositae are the heads, corollas, cylinders or Tongue-like, polyphagic stamens, achenes; another example is Gramineae flowers without tepals, inside and outside glumes, 3 or 6 stamens, pistil with 2 feathered st