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应修人，1925年加入中国共产党。1932年，任中共江苏省委宣传部长。革命烈士。为了党的事业，多少先烈以自己的生命舖筑前进之路……
我一遍又一遍读应修人的日记，读他的诗，一次又一次去他的故居。应修人是个忧国忧民，又將忧愁情愫诉之笔墨的人；而且他不是个单纯的笔墨诉情者，而是树立了理想并付诸行动的人。这一切让我对这一介书生怀有一种敬仰之情。中国共产党成立90周年之时，也是应修人诞辰110周年之际，我重读了《应修人日记》。坦率地说，这是一本很少有文学色彩的记事本，是一介书生自述的流水账，晨起何时，晚卧何时，工作、读书、写诗，或外出访友，或回乡与亲人团聚，去哪儿访谁都记得一清二楚，在家与谁在一起也记得明明白白，偶尔抒发一些心声……但这属私密性的文字，却让我有感而发，写一写应修人在成为中国共产党党员之前的故事。
应修人的日记“始丙辰之端阳日”，即1916年6月5日。以后，至少有四年，即1917、1919、1922和1923年，他差不多每天读书看报，每天有书刊进出。
应修人出生于慈城南一个叫应家河塘的村庄。他的诗《山里人家》描写家乡的景色：溪外面是李树拥梅树，溪里面是桑树领茶树，溪水琤琮地流过伊家底门前，伊家是住在那边的竹园边。
100多年前，这个浙北沿海小村的乡民以绣花为职业，有钱人家到上海开绣花店，无钱的则送子弟到乡亲的绣花店当学徒。应修人的祖父应玉祥在绣花店赚了钱，就与朋友合资开了绣花店。父亲应庆泰在宁波的布店当店员，有一定股份。因为应修人是家里的独子，也是家里唯一孩子，父母、姨父母等亲戚都十分宝贝他，上学读书比乡邻晚一些。14岁的应修人小学毕业那年，应父便送他去上海妹夫亲戚那儿，希望儿子能在父亲起业发家的地方再次发迹而振兴家族。
事实也是如此，应修人从乡村到十里洋场的上海，在豫源钱庄谋生，收入不错，又颇得这位亲戚经理的赏识，秦先生常叫他写这写那的，他转入上海中国棉业银行做职员时，秦先生又特聘他为个人书记。这样的职业，这样的待遇，可谓捧上了金饭碗。而他却一心筹划自己的追求——如何重归农村。“吾国危急，非兴实业未可言救”；“学商何如学农好，想共乡人乐岁穰。”这皆是他归农的旨意。
为此，应修人一边买了《新农村》《农业浅说》《耕种学》《植物学》《肥料学》诸多农业类书刊读研，一边联系南京省立第一农校想读书深造。他离家后常有书信向父亲禀报。应父也以书信教示。他回信告父：“习农甚有兴趣，更细告乡民之无识，及欧美日等国之如何如何考察，所以民富国强，儿实悯之，故习农，此儿之志，誓必达到；商则非儿所长，觉甚无味，惟大人鉴之。”
应父竭力反对他的弃商归农。应修人也理解父亲的反对，便寄书信给舅父、伯父等亲戚，以求得他们的支持：“庶不负家父一番跋涉，归农为报国与家，及造福乡里而起。”之后，他不断向父亲寄有关农业的书刊，如养鸡、菜籽提油技术，寄一些新种子、新树种。为了实现归农的理想，1917年秋天，应修人特告假回家考察农业。其间，他与他的朋友一起看山地，试想租赁种植树木；他蹲在田头观察农人割稻情形，向农人请教如何栽植番薯。不知是儿子执着的举动，还是未来农业的诱惑，这年10月14日，“归农事，已蒙双亲许”。此刻的应修人高兴极了，拟资本预算：一千，少或七八百；初期三四年，能养鸡五百只，养羊一百只；三四年植树……他开始实现自己的计划。没多久，他的归农终因亲友十之八不赞成，山地租赁受人欺压而受挫。
眼看归农无望，应修人又將自己的字“修士”改为“修人”，于1922年元旦自勉：“以诗画修炼”。同年4月，他去杭州会诗友，与汪静之、潘漠华、冯雪峰游览西湖景色。5日组结了“湖畔诗社”。湖畔诗社成立于新诗最兴旺的日子里，朱自清说过：据我所知，新文学运动以来，新诗最兴旺的日子是1919到1923这四年间。之后，应修人筹银195元出版了《湖畔》诗集。诗集出版后得到了郭沫若、郁达夫、叶圣陶等好评，朱自清还撰写了《读“湖畔”诗集》专文揄扬。由于诗集反映了五四精神，唱出了时代的新声，所以它影响了一代人，特别是年轻人。著名文学家胡风，回忆起《湖畔》对他的影响时说，这本诗集“教给我被五四运动唤醒了‘自我’的年轻人的感觉，救出了我被周围的生活围困了的心情”“使我真正接近了文学也接近了人生”。后来小说家柔石等人曾要求加入湖畔诗社，不让他们加入，他们还不高兴。
刊出《湖畔》诗集后，应修人一边筹款帮助朋友，尤其是在校的学生朋友出诗集，一边思索新诗如何传承古诗之原理。1922年7月31日，他给一位作家的信中写道：“我很有个妄想，创个适合中国字的诗体，因我觉得现在的新诗，多像译出来的有韵无韵的诗，很少一些中国原有的诗或俗谣的风俗。”这一观点，今天读来虽不完整，但颇似闻一多的诗学观点，即新诗的“三美（音韵、画面和格律）学说，这在新诗创作初露端倪的年代是多么富有学术意义。
从应修人的日记得知，买书读书是他的主要的业余爱好。应修人买书化费时常超出自己的预算，买的书很杂，除上述农业、诗歌方面书刊外，还有《小说月报》《世界格言》《意志修养法》等，买来的书自己读完后，再赠送给朋友。1918年元旦，他的《成功人传》送诸友，书中夹附诗一首，其中有“国耻民苦吾侪责”句以表他的理想。
应修人于1919年4月20日创办“修士书箱”，他將收藏的书刊编出书目，供友人借阅。四个月后，“修士书箱”改名“共书社”。“共书社”后又成为上海通讯图书馆的基础。修人先生所倡导的“以无猜忌的真情接待借书者，不收租费，不讨保证，也不希望任何酬劳”的上海通讯图书馆运行方式成了上海第一家“完全公开的图书馆。”读者至少150人，其中有郑振铎、郭沫若、叶圣陶、郁达夫等新文学作家。
合上《应修人日记》一书，让我又想起日记中的一段话：“这是我的日记，庸庸碌碌，琐琐碎碎，很不足看的。看了徒然糟蹋诸君宝贵的光阴，我看诸君还是不看好。”想必作日记时，修人先生不曾想过他的日记于后人的意义，更不会想到在他的百年之后，日记被整理后出版。应该说，书生的追求后来升华成一个共产党人的治国平天下的崇高理想。1933年5月14日，应修人去上海昆山路昆山花园7号联系工作，抗拒特务追逼而坠楼身亡成为革命烈士。应修人革命行动壮烈，而日记中丝毫没有一句豪言壮语，有的是类似“国危民苦是谁责，工困商疲待孰伸”——一种带有诗人意气的淡淡的忧愁。这让人们读到一个先烈曾经的理想，让人们读到了一个革命者的朴素情怀。
Young Poet’s Pursuit
By Wang Jing
Ying Xiuren (1900-1933), born in Cicheng Town, Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province, is remembered largely because he was one of the preeminent poets of the Lakefront Poets Society of Hangzhou, the very first modern poetry organization in the modern history of China. Other members of the society include Pan Mohua, Feng Xuefeng, and Wang Jingzhi, all preeminent poets. Ying, however, was more than a modern poet, as indicated by history and by his private journal that he kept for years.
During the May 30th Movement of 1925, Ying Xiuren joined the Communist Party of China, and entered Moscow Zhongshan University in November 1927 for further education. He finished his study in Soviet Union and went back to China in 1930. He worked as the director of Information/Publicity Department of the Standing Committee of the Jiangsu Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China. He was also a member of the League of Chinese Left-Wing Writers. On May 14th, 1933, he went to meet his comrades at a safe house in Shanghai and KMT special agents were waiting for him there. He refused to be arrested and jumped off the roof and killed himself. He was 33 years old.
The “Diary of Ying Xiuren” reveals who he was before he became a communist in 1925.
Born in a small village in Cicheng Town on February 7, 1900, Ying was the only child of his parents. Like most of the fellow villagers, his grandfather made money in embroidery business and started a joint venture with some friends. His father worked in a cloth store in Ningbo. Ying Xiuren started primary school later than his peers and graduated at age 14. The boy never got a chance to continue his study. He was sent to work in a private bank in Shanghai where a relative was a manager. The relative appreciated the young man’s capability. Later, Ying was transferred to work as a secretary in China Cotton Industry Bank of Shanghai.
The job was well paid, but the young man was discontented with this job. He dreamed of reconstructing China through modern agriculture undertakings. In order to make his dream come true, he bought books and began to study modern agriculture and he contacted an agricultural academy in Nanjing. As he spent money on preparations for his dream, he was often broke. After finding the son failed to make his ends meet, the father wrote him a letter instructing him how to save money. Ying Xiuren wrote back saying that he was very much interested in farming. His father objected the son’s unrealistic ambition, but Ying Xiuren asked his uncles to persuade his father. In the autumn of 1917, Ying went on leave and returned to his hometown for a field study. In an entry in his diary dated October 14, 1917, Ying Xiuren wrote that his parents had agreed for him to quit the job in Shanghai and come home to try his hands at farming.
Though he had prepared for his farming project for three years, he ran into setbacks one after another. His relatives refused to support him financially, believing the project had no chance to succeed. And he had a dispute about the rented farmland.
His farming project failed and he came back to Shanghai. But the hope still lingered. He advised his father to grow certain vegetables. And he began to save money for his future projects.
As his zeal for farming gradually faded, his passion for writing poems began to flame up vehemently. Though he did not have proper school education, he read extensively. His diary indicated that for four years, he read and wrote almost every day. He began to publish from 1920 on.
In April, 1922, he traveled to the West Lake in Hangzhou. He and his friends set up the Lakefront Poets Society in this ancient capital and published “Lakefront”, a collection of the poems by Ying and his friends. According to Zhu Ziqing, a poet and aesthetic of the 20th century China, the four years from 1919 to 1923 marked the culmination of new poetry in China. The collection was published with 195 silver dollars raised by Ying Xiuren. The collection received favorable reviews from literary giants of the time such as Guo Moruo, Yu Dafu, Ye Shengtao, and Zhu Ziqing. The poems in the collection fully expressed the spirit of the May Fourth Movement and gave voice to the aspirations of the era. The poems influenced a lot of young people.
Ying Xiuren bought and read books. His diary indicates that he spent a great deal of time reading, cultivating his temperament. On April 20, 1919, he set up a small library with his books. He made a list of all the books in his private library and made them available to his friends. He named the library after himself. Four months later, he removed his name from the title and made it a library of shared books. Ying and his friends contributed their own books to the library and turned it into a correspondence library, the first ever public library in Shanghai. Records show that at the peak time, the library had more than 150 readers across China and abroad.
After he joined the CPC and undertook secret work in Shanghai, Ying gradually gave up poem writing, though he was still a member of the League of Left-Wing Writers.
Though a staunch revolutionary, his diary does not have purple entries about his revolutionary ambition. At the bottom of his heart, he was a scholar. His ambition and political undertakings all pointed to his people-oriented care. He cared for the future of the nation and the people.
我一遍又一遍读应修人的日记，读他的诗，一次又一次去他的故居。应修人是个忧国忧民，又將忧愁情愫诉之笔墨的人；而且他不是个单纯的笔墨诉情者，而是树立了理想并付诸行动的人。这一切让我对这一介书生怀有一种敬仰之情。中国共产党成立90周年之时，也是应修人诞辰110周年之际，我重读了《应修人日记》。坦率地说，这是一本很少有文学色彩的记事本，是一介书生自述的流水账，晨起何时，晚卧何时，工作、读书、写诗，或外出访友，或回乡与亲人团聚，去哪儿访谁都记得一清二楚，在家与谁在一起也记得明明白白，偶尔抒发一些心声……但这属私密性的文字，却让我有感而发，写一写应修人在成为中国共产党党员之前的故事。
应修人的日记“始丙辰之端阳日”，即1916年6月5日。以后，至少有四年，即1917、1919、1922和1923年，他差不多每天读书看报，每天有书刊进出。
应修人出生于慈城南一个叫应家河塘的村庄。他的诗《山里人家》描写家乡的景色：溪外面是李树拥梅树，溪里面是桑树领茶树，溪水琤琮地流过伊家底门前，伊家是住在那边的竹园边。
100多年前，这个浙北沿海小村的乡民以绣花为职业，有钱人家到上海开绣花店，无钱的则送子弟到乡亲的绣花店当学徒。应修人的祖父应玉祥在绣花店赚了钱，就与朋友合资开了绣花店。父亲应庆泰在宁波的布店当店员，有一定股份。因为应修人是家里的独子，也是家里唯一孩子，父母、姨父母等亲戚都十分宝贝他，上学读书比乡邻晚一些。14岁的应修人小学毕业那年，应父便送他去上海妹夫亲戚那儿，希望儿子能在父亲起业发家的地方再次发迹而振兴家族。
事实也是如此，应修人从乡村到十里洋场的上海，在豫源钱庄谋生，收入不错，又颇得这位亲戚经理的赏识，秦先生常叫他写这写那的，他转入上海中国棉业银行做职员时，秦先生又特聘他为个人书记。这样的职业，这样的待遇，可谓捧上了金饭碗。而他却一心筹划自己的追求——如何重归农村。“吾国危急，非兴实业未可言救”；“学商何如学农好，想共乡人乐岁穰。”这皆是他归农的旨意。
为此，应修人一边买了《新农村》《农业浅说》《耕种学》《植物学》《肥料学》诸多农业类书刊读研，一边联系南京省立第一农校想读书深造。他离家后常有书信向父亲禀报。应父也以书信教示。他回信告父：“习农甚有兴趣，更细告乡民之无识，及欧美日等国之如何如何考察，所以民富国强，儿实悯之，故习农，此儿之志，誓必达到；商则非儿所长，觉甚无味，惟大人鉴之。”
应父竭力反对他的弃商归农。应修人也理解父亲的反对，便寄书信给舅父、伯父等亲戚，以求得他们的支持：“庶不负家父一番跋涉，归农为报国与家，及造福乡里而起。”之后，他不断向父亲寄有关农业的书刊，如养鸡、菜籽提油技术，寄一些新种子、新树种。为了实现归农的理想，1917年秋天，应修人特告假回家考察农业。其间，他与他的朋友一起看山地，试想租赁种植树木；他蹲在田头观察农人割稻情形，向农人请教如何栽植番薯。不知是儿子执着的举动，还是未来农业的诱惑，这年10月14日，“归农事，已蒙双亲许”。此刻的应修人高兴极了，拟资本预算：一千，少或七八百；初期三四年，能养鸡五百只，养羊一百只；三四年植树……他开始实现自己的计划。没多久，他的归农终因亲友十之八不赞成，山地租赁受人欺压而受挫。
眼看归农无望，应修人又將自己的字“修士”改为“修人”，于1922年元旦自勉：“以诗画修炼”。同年4月，他去杭州会诗友，与汪静之、潘漠华、冯雪峰游览西湖景色。5日组结了“湖畔诗社”。湖畔诗社成立于新诗最兴旺的日子里，朱自清说过：据我所知，新文学运动以来，新诗最兴旺的日子是1919到1923这四年间。之后，应修人筹银195元出版了《湖畔》诗集。诗集出版后得到了郭沫若、郁达夫、叶圣陶等好评，朱自清还撰写了《读“湖畔”诗集》专文揄扬。由于诗集反映了五四精神，唱出了时代的新声，所以它影响了一代人，特别是年轻人。著名文学家胡风，回忆起《湖畔》对他的影响时说，这本诗集“教给我被五四运动唤醒了‘自我’的年轻人的感觉，救出了我被周围的生活围困了的心情”“使我真正接近了文学也接近了人生”。后来小说家柔石等人曾要求加入湖畔诗社，不让他们加入，他们还不高兴。
刊出《湖畔》诗集后，应修人一边筹款帮助朋友，尤其是在校的学生朋友出诗集，一边思索新诗如何传承古诗之原理。1922年7月31日，他给一位作家的信中写道：“我很有个妄想，创个适合中国字的诗体，因我觉得现在的新诗，多像译出来的有韵无韵的诗，很少一些中国原有的诗或俗谣的风俗。”这一观点，今天读来虽不完整，但颇似闻一多的诗学观点，即新诗的“三美（音韵、画面和格律）学说，这在新诗创作初露端倪的年代是多么富有学术意义。
从应修人的日记得知，买书读书是他的主要的业余爱好。应修人买书化费时常超出自己的预算，买的书很杂，除上述农业、诗歌方面书刊外，还有《小说月报》《世界格言》《意志修养法》等，买来的书自己读完后，再赠送给朋友。1918年元旦，他的《成功人传》送诸友，书中夹附诗一首，其中有“国耻民苦吾侪责”句以表他的理想。
应修人于1919年4月20日创办“修士书箱”，他將收藏的书刊编出书目，供友人借阅。四个月后，“修士书箱”改名“共书社”。“共书社”后又成为上海通讯图书馆的基础。修人先生所倡导的“以无猜忌的真情接待借书者，不收租费，不讨保证，也不希望任何酬劳”的上海通讯图书馆运行方式成了上海第一家“完全公开的图书馆。”读者至少150人，其中有郑振铎、郭沫若、叶圣陶、郁达夫等新文学作家。
合上《应修人日记》一书，让我又想起日记中的一段话：“这是我的日记，庸庸碌碌，琐琐碎碎，很不足看的。看了徒然糟蹋诸君宝贵的光阴，我看诸君还是不看好。”想必作日记时，修人先生不曾想过他的日记于后人的意义，更不会想到在他的百年之后，日记被整理后出版。应该说，书生的追求后来升华成一个共产党人的治国平天下的崇高理想。1933年5月14日，应修人去上海昆山路昆山花园7号联系工作，抗拒特务追逼而坠楼身亡成为革命烈士。应修人革命行动壮烈，而日记中丝毫没有一句豪言壮语，有的是类似“国危民苦是谁责，工困商疲待孰伸”——一种带有诗人意气的淡淡的忧愁。这让人们读到一个先烈曾经的理想，让人们读到了一个革命者的朴素情怀。
Young Poet’s Pursuit
By Wang Jing
Ying Xiuren (1900-1933), born in Cicheng Town, Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province, is remembered largely because he was one of the preeminent poets of the Lakefront Poets Society of Hangzhou, the very first modern poetry organization in the modern history of China. Other members of the society include Pan Mohua, Feng Xuefeng, and Wang Jingzhi, all preeminent poets. Ying, however, was more than a modern poet, as indicated by history and by his private journal that he kept for years.
During the May 30th Movement of 1925, Ying Xiuren joined the Communist Party of China, and entered Moscow Zhongshan University in November 1927 for further education. He finished his study in Soviet Union and went back to China in 1930. He worked as the director of Information/Publicity Department of the Standing Committee of the Jiangsu Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China. He was also a member of the League of Chinese Left-Wing Writers. On May 14th, 1933, he went to meet his comrades at a safe house in Shanghai and KMT special agents were waiting for him there. He refused to be arrested and jumped off the roof and killed himself. He was 33 years old.
The “Diary of Ying Xiuren” reveals who he was before he became a communist in 1925.
Born in a small village in Cicheng Town on February 7, 1900, Ying was the only child of his parents. Like most of the fellow villagers, his grandfather made money in embroidery business and started a joint venture with some friends. His father worked in a cloth store in Ningbo. Ying Xiuren started primary school later than his peers and graduated at age 14. The boy never got a chance to continue his study. He was sent to work in a private bank in Shanghai where a relative was a manager. The relative appreciated the young man’s capability. Later, Ying was transferred to work as a secretary in China Cotton Industry Bank of Shanghai.
The job was well paid, but the young man was discontented with this job. He dreamed of reconstructing China through modern agriculture undertakings. In order to make his dream come true, he bought books and began to study modern agriculture and he contacted an agricultural academy in Nanjing. As he spent money on preparations for his dream, he was often broke. After finding the son failed to make his ends meet, the father wrote him a letter instructing him how to save money. Ying Xiuren wrote back saying that he was very much interested in farming. His father objected the son’s unrealistic ambition, but Ying Xiuren asked his uncles to persuade his father. In the autumn of 1917, Ying went on leave and returned to his hometown for a field study. In an entry in his diary dated October 14, 1917, Ying Xiuren wrote that his parents had agreed for him to quit the job in Shanghai and come home to try his hands at farming.
Though he had prepared for his farming project for three years, he ran into setbacks one after another. His relatives refused to support him financially, believing the project had no chance to succeed. And he had a dispute about the rented farmland.
His farming project failed and he came back to Shanghai. But the hope still lingered. He advised his father to grow certain vegetables. And he began to save money for his future projects.
As his zeal for farming gradually faded, his passion for writing poems began to flame up vehemently. Though he did not have proper school education, he read extensively. His diary indicated that for four years, he read and wrote almost every day. He began to publish from 1920 on.
In April, 1922, he traveled to the West Lake in Hangzhou. He and his friends set up the Lakefront Poets Society in this ancient capital and published “Lakefront”, a collection of the poems by Ying and his friends. According to Zhu Ziqing, a poet and aesthetic of the 20th century China, the four years from 1919 to 1923 marked the culmination of new poetry in China. The collection was published with 195 silver dollars raised by Ying Xiuren. The collection received favorable reviews from literary giants of the time such as Guo Moruo, Yu Dafu, Ye Shengtao, and Zhu Ziqing. The poems in the collection fully expressed the spirit of the May Fourth Movement and gave voice to the aspirations of the era. The poems influenced a lot of young people.
Ying Xiuren bought and read books. His diary indicates that he spent a great deal of time reading, cultivating his temperament. On April 20, 1919, he set up a small library with his books. He made a list of all the books in his private library and made them available to his friends. He named the library after himself. Four months later, he removed his name from the title and made it a library of shared books. Ying and his friends contributed their own books to the library and turned it into a correspondence library, the first ever public library in Shanghai. Records show that at the peak time, the library had more than 150 readers across China and abroad.
After he joined the CPC and undertook secret work in Shanghai, Ying gradually gave up poem writing, though he was still a member of the League of Left-Wing Writers.
Though a staunch revolutionary, his diary does not have purple entries about his revolutionary ambition. At the bottom of his heart, he was a scholar. His ambition and political undertakings all pointed to his people-oriented care. He cared for the future of the nation and the people.