自1870年Habermann首先发表声损伤耳蜗的病理改变以来,迄今已进展到对内耳螺旋器损伤的超微结构研究。1953年Engstrǒm和Wersǎll首先于透射电镜下观察了豚鼠螺旋器的超微结构。以后,Engstrǒm(1960)、Spoendlin(1962)、木村等(1964)、Beagley(1965)、Hamernik等(1974)、Ades等(1974)、曾一同、王成玉(1979、1981)、Omata等(1978、1979、1981)、Rauchegger等(1981)、Slepecky等(1981,1982)、Brown等(1982)相继研究了强声刺激对豚鼠、鼠、灰鼠、猫、兔、罗猴及人的螺旋器超微结构的损害,常用耳蜗铺片光镜与电镜相结合的检查方法,并多以外毛细胞作为研究的重点,为深入研究声损伤的机理提供了有价值的资料。【正常毛细胞超微结构的特征】毛细胞一般分为四区:(1)顶区:细胞表面增厚部分称小皮板,自小皮板伸出静纤毛,豚鼠的 Since 1870, when Habermann first published the pathological changes in cochlear damage to the ear, so far has been progress to the damage of the inner ear spiral ultrastructural studies. In 1953 Engström and Wersǎll first observed under a transmission electron microscope guinea pig spiral ultrastructure. Later, Engström (1960), Spoendlin (1962), Kimura et al. (1964), Beagley (1965), Hamernik et al. (1974), Ades et al. 1979, 1981), Rauchegger et al. (1981), Slepecky et al. (1981, 1982) and Brown et al. (1982) studied the effects of intensive acoustical stimulation on guinea pigs, rats, squirrels, cats, rabbits, Microstructural damage, cochlear light microscopy and electron microscopy combined with the inspection method, and more than the hair cells as the focus of research, in-depth study of the mechanism of acoustic damage provides valuable information. [Characteristics of normal hair cell ultrastructure] Hair cells are generally divided into four districts: (1) the top area: the surface of the cell thickening part of the said small skin, since the small skin protruding ciliated, guinea pig