小纤维包括小直径、薄髓鞘的Aδ纤维及无髓鞘的C类纤维，各种原因引起的小纤维损伤统称为小纤维神经病(SFN)。吉兰-巴雷综合征(GBS)小纤维损伤是SFN的常见病因，主要表现为痛温觉障碍和自主神经功能障碍，与GBS患者的预后和死亡率有明显相关性。目前针对GBS小纤维损伤的研究以病例报道为主，其诊断主要依赖于病理检查及电生理检查，早期容易被漏诊。早期认识GBS小纤维损伤并进行适当的管理是降低GBS死亡率的关键。本文围绕GBS小纤维损伤的发病机制、临床表现、诊断、治疗等方面的研究进展进行综述，以期为临床医生全面认识GBS小纤维损伤提供参考。“,”Small nerve fibers refer to peripheral afferent small diameter, thinly myelinated Aδ-fibers and unmyelinated C-fibers. Small nerve fiber impairment caused by various mechanisms calls small fiber neuropathy (SFN). Small nerve fiber impairment caused by immune injury in Guillain-Barre Syndrome (GBS) is a common cause of SFN, which is currently reported as a variant of GBS; the main manifestations of small nerve fiber impairment of GBS are sense disturbance to pain and temperature and autonomic nerve dysfunction. Small nerve fiber impairment of GBS is widely correlated with the prognosis and mortality of GBS. At present, researches on small nerve fiber impairment of GBS are mainly based on case reports, and its diagnosis mainly relies on pathological examination and electrophysiological examination, which is easy to be missed in the early stage. Early recognition and appropriate management of small nerve fiber impairment of GBS are keys to reduce GBS mortality. In this paper, the pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment and other aspects of small nerve fiber impairment of GBS are reviewed to provide clinicians with a comprehensive understanding of small nerve fiber impairment of GBS.