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为探讨土壤水分胁迫对大豆品种形态性状和生理特性的影响,以3个抗旱性不同的大豆品种(合丰25、黑农44、晋豆21)为试验材料,在盆栽条件下,于大豆始荚期至鼓粒期进行中度和严重土壤水分胁迫试验,对形态性状、叶绿素含量、光合速率、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、过氧化物酶(POD)活性、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性进行测定。结果表明,供试品种抗旱性依次是晋豆21>黑农44>合丰25。干旱胁迫下,一级抗旱类型的晋豆21表现出较强的生长优势,同一水分供给条件下,其株高、单株荚数、单株粒数、单株产量、叶绿素含量、净光合速率(Pn)、POD活性均高于较耐旱的黑农44和合丰25;而气孔导度和蒸腾速率明显低于其它两个品种,且在严重水分胁迫下与对照相比,其降低幅度均显著高于其它两个品种,晋豆21在水分胁迫条件下表现出较高的水分利用效率。说明这些形态性状和生理指标可作为大豆抗旱性鉴定指标加以综合利用。
In order to investigate the effect of soil water stress on morphological traits and physiological characteristics of soybean varieties, three soybean cultivars with different drought resistance (Hefeng 25, Heinong 44 and Jin-Dou 21) were used as experimental materials. Moderate and severe soil water stress during pod stage to drum stage. The effects of morphological traits, chlorophyll content, photosynthetic rate, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, peroxidase (POD) activity, catalase CAT activity was measured. The results showed that the drought resistance of tested cultivars were Jin Dou 21> Heinong 44> Hefeng 25. Under drought stress, the first-class drought-resistant jinou 21 showed a strong growth advantage. Under the same water supply conditions, the plant height, pod number per plant, grain per plant, yield per plant, chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and POD activities were higher than those of drought tolerant Heinong 44 and Hefeng 25, while stomatal conductance and transpiration rate were significantly lower than those of the other two cultivars Significantly higher than the other two varieties, Jin Dou 21 under water stress conditions showed higher water use efficiency. These morphological traits and physiological indicators that can be used as a comprehensive evaluation of soybean drought resistance indicators.