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穗粒数是决定小麦产量的三因素之一,因此通过远缘杂交创造多粒新种质,对于拓宽小麦育种的遗传基础和促进育种水平的持续提高具有重要意义。本研究以通过多年多点鉴定证明具有多粒特性(粒数/穗>80)的31份普通小麦-冰草(Agropyron cristatum,2n=4x=28,PPPP)衍生后代为材料,通过田间接种白粉病生理小种E09进行抗病性鉴定、采用SDS-PAGE方法进行高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基(HMW-GS)组成分析以及株高、有效分蘖等农艺性状调查,发现26份材料表现抗白粉病,12份材料具有优质高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基组合,亚基组成为(2*,7+8,5+10)或(1,7+8,5+10)。其中,8份材料的穗粒数大于80粒、株高小于75 cm、抗白粉病且具有优质高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基组合,这为未来培育兼具高产、优质、抗白粉病小麦新品种提供了重要的物质基础。此外,对多粒、抗白粉病和优质亚基的可能来源进行了讨论。
Spike grain number is one of the three factors determining the yield of wheat. Therefore, it is of great significance to broaden the genetic basis of wheat breeding and promote the continuous improvement of breeding level by creating multiple new germplasms through distant crossing. In this study, 31 offspring derived from Agropyron cristatum (2n = 4x = 28, PPPP) with multi-grain characteristics (grain number / spike> 80) Disease resistant races E09 were identified for disease resistance. SDS-PAGE analysis of HMW-GS composition and agronomic traits such as plant height and effective tiller showed that 26 cultivars were resistant to powdery mildew, Twelve of the materials had high quality HMW glutenin subunit combinations with subunit composition of (2 *, 7 + 8, 5 + 10) or (1,7 + 8,5 + 10). Among them, 8 cultivars had more than 80 grains per spike, less than 75 cm in height, powdery mildew resistant and high quality HMW glutenin subunit combinations, which provided a new breed of high yield, good quality and powdery mildew resistant wheat in the future An important material basis. In addition, possible sources of multi-grain, powdery mildew resistant and high quality subunits were discussed.