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一、问题的提出在现代汉语中,表达“存现”语义的句子主要有两种基本的结构形式:一是以人或物作为叙述的起点,如“书在桌子上”;一是以处所作为叙述的起点,如“桌子上有一本书”。但两者在表达功能上并不一样:以人或物为叙述起点,是说明人或物(已知)所处的位置;以处所为叙述的起点,则是说明某个地方(已知)有什么。大多数的研究者都是将后面一种结构形式认定为“存现句”。
First, the question raised In modern Chinese, the expression of “existence” semantics of the sentence there are two basic structural forms: First, people or things as the starting point for narration, such as “book on the table ”; One is to use the premises as a starting point for narration, such as “There is a book on the table ”. However, the two are not the same in terms of their function of expression: starting with the description of a person or thing is the place where the person or thing (known) is located; the starting point of the description of the place is a place (known) have what. Most researchers identify the latter structural form as “existing sentence ”.