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铊(T1)是一种银白色的软而重的金属,1861年,英国科学家克鲁克斯在分析硫酸厂的铅室泥时,在光谱中看到了特殊的绿线,觉得非常奇怪,经过反复研究,发现了铊。它有两种结晶变体:一种是在230℃以下稳定的六方系α—变体;另一种是在高于230℃时稳定的面心立方晶体格β—铊。比重为11.85,熔点为303℃,沸点为1473℃。其机械性能和某些物理性能与铅很相似。在常温下,铊金属表面容易被氧化,生成深灰色的氧化覆盖膜,加热到100℃以上,会迅速氧化生成黑色的氧化铊。铊多伴生在闪锌矿、方铅矿、黄铜矿、黄铁矿等硫化矿物中。铊广泛地应用于工业。在铅基合金中加入铊作轴承,能提高合金强度。铊盐燃烧时能产生美丽的绿光,克鲁克
Thallium (T1) is a silvery-white soft and heavy metal. In 1861, British scientist Crooks saw a special green line in the spectrum when analyzing the lead chamber mud of the sulfuric acid plant. It was very strange that after passing Repeated study, found thallium. It has two crystalline variants: one is a stable hexagonal α-modification at 230 ° C and the other is a stable face-centered cubic β-thallium above 230 ° C. The specific gravity is 11.85, the melting point is 303 ℃ and the boiling point is 1473 ℃. Its mechanical properties and some physical properties are very similar to lead. At room temperature, thallium metal surface easily oxidized to generate dark gray oxide coating, heated to above 100 ℃, the rapid oxidation of black oxide of thallium. Many associated with thallium in sphalerite, galena, chalcopyrite, pyrite and other sulfide minerals. Thallium is widely used in industry. Addition of thallium as a bearing in lead-based alloys improves the strength of the alloy. Thallium salt can produce beautiful green when burned, Crook