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α2-巨球蛋白(α2-M)是1种大分子糖蛋白,广泛存在于脊椎动物及非脊椎动物的体液中,属于巨球蛋白超家族的一员;其由4个相同的单体组成的同源四聚体,每个单体均含有5个功能区域,这决定了其特性及生物学功能。α2-M能够广泛参与机体的生理及病理活动,其最基本的功能是作为广谱蛋白酶抑制剂以清除内源性及外源性蛋白酶,同时它能够与一些重要的细胞因子,如碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(b FGF)、白介素-1β(IL-1β)、白介素-6(IL-6)、神经生长因子(NGF)等,结合并调节其生物活性。有研究显示α2-M也具有抗辐射、抑制肿瘤及参与凝血平衡等作用。除此之外,α2-M还能够作为诊断或预测某些疾病的生物标记物。对α2-M生物特性及制备工艺研究的深入将有助于推进α2-M在临床的应用。
α2-macroglobulin (α2-M) is a macromolecule glycoprotein that is widely found in body fluids of vertebrates and invertebrates and belongs to a member of the macroglobulin superfamily; which consists of four identical monomers Of homologous tetramer, each monomer contains five functional areas, which determines its characteristics and biological function. α2-M can widely participate in the body’s physiological and pathological activities, its most basic function is as a broad-spectrum protease inhibitors to remove endogenous and exogenous proteases, and it can with some important cytokines, such as alkaline into BFGF, IL-1β, IL-6, NGF and so on. Some studies have shown that α2-M also has anti-radiation, inhibit tumor and participate in the role of coagulation balance. In addition, α2-M can also serve as a biomarker for the diagnosis or prediction of certain diseases. The in-depth study of α2-M biological properties and preparation technology will help promote the clinical application of α2-M.