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认识论认为人对世界的了解大致经过三个阶段:对世界知之甚少;对个人的了解剧增;个人和世界间的相互了解都大幅度提高。这三个阶段并不是孤立的,当第一和第二阶段仍在进行中时,第三阶段会悄然开始。这样的认识过程决定了个人与世界间的关系以及人的主要行为模式:个人对社会的服从;个人和社会的对立;个人和社会的妥协。因此对立和相互妥协也成为人有史以来基本的社会表现模式。西奥多·德莱塞——这位见证并率先记录美国挥霍性消费初始、兴盛的美国文学旗手,对于消费文化的态度恰好符合了这样的认知模式:拥抱——反拨——整合,期间夹杂着困惑和怀疑。
Epistemology holds that people’s understanding of the world goes through roughly three stages: little is known about the world; the understanding of individuals is increasing; and the mutual understanding between individuals and the world is greatly increased. These three phases are not isolated and the third phase will quietly begin when phases one and two are still in progress. This process of cognition determines the relationship between individuals and the world as well as the main patterns of human behavior: the individual’s obedience to society; the antagonism between individuals and society; and the compromise between individuals and society. Therefore, the opposition and mutual compromise have also become the basic pattern of social performance in history. Theodore Dreiser - The witness who took the lead in documenting the initial, prosperous American literary flag-maker of the United States, attuned to a culture of consumption that coincided with a pattern of cognition: embrace-backwash-integration, period Mixed with confusion and doubt.