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一、历史研究中的“客观性”今日,历史学家正在面临可怕的精神分裂。一方面,历史学家的本能告诉他,勾划过去的图画必须和科学研究一样,严格客观地考订史料,去寻找真相并其进行解译,以求理解人类历史展开的模式。但另一方面,历史学家已经从19世纪客观主义的幻梦中醒过来,深知所有史料无可避免地打上了记录者主观价值的印记,更有甚者,不少人认为,以这类主观记录为素材的历史论述与讲故事没有本质的不同。可以看到,在20世纪后期,随着那些在意识形态笼罩下的大历史观纷纷解体,解构宏大历史叙事的后现代史学成为时尚。
I. The “Objectivity” in Historical Studies Today, historians are facing terrible schizophrenia. On the one hand, historians’ instincts have told him that the pictures drawn in the past must, like scientific research, strictly and objectively test historical materials, find the truth, and interpret them in order to understand the patterns of human history. On the other hand, historians have awakened from the dream of objectivism in the 19th century. They know that all historical data inevitably mark the subjective value of the recorder. What is more, many people think that in this category There is no essential difference between the historical discourse of subjective records and storytelling. It can be seen that in the late twentieth century, with the disintegration of major historical views under the ideology, the postmodern historiography that deconstructed the grand historical narrative became fashionable.