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DNA探针是特异的单链核酸序列,用来从许多单链DNA中寻找互补序列。最近的一篇综述概括了得到DNA探针的三条途经:①已知一种基因产物的氨基酸序列,利用基因三联密码合成DNA;②从纯化的mRNA通过逆转录酶合成DNA③用一个已知序列DNA基因为探针在基因库中找出有关的DNA序列。 DNA探针最成功的应用是遗传病的产前诊断。Aatonarakis博士等列举了12种已克隆的基因并且已知其标志(DNA多态性)的疾病。所有这些疾病除了两种外都能用DNA探针(基因本身或附近的染色体标志)进行产前诊断。这些疾病包括:镰刀型贫血、
DNA probes are specific single-stranded nucleic acid sequences that seek to find complementary sequences from many single-stranded DNAs. A recent review outlines three approaches for obtaining DNA probes: ① Known amino acid sequence of a gene product that synthesizes DNA using a triplet of genes; ② Synthesized DNA from purified mRNA by reverse transcriptase; ③ A known sequence of DNA Genes as probes find relevant DNA sequences in the gene pool. The most successful application of DNA probes is prenatal diagnosis of genetic diseases. Dr. Aatonarakis et al. List 12 types of cloned genes and their known disease (DNA polymorphism). All but two of these diseases can be diagnosed with DNA probes (the chromosome markers themselves or nearby) for prenatal diagnosis. These diseases include: sickle-type anemia,