有人说,经济改革中最大的难点是国有企业的改革,而难点中的难点,则是那些长期经营亏损乃至资不抵债、扭亏无望的国有企业.它们的出路究竟何在?这个问题几乎困扰了中国人几十年.起初,仁慈的国家大老板慷慨地承担起了无限责任.俗话说,手心手背都是肉,哪个孩子不揪着父母的心.于是,党和政府通过所谓的“统收、统支、统负盈亏”政策,把亏损企业统统地包了下来,用财政补贴来填补没完没了的企业亏损大窟窿,靠大量输血来维持神圣不可侵犯的全民所有制声誉.然而,结果又是如何呢?大包大揽和仁慈父爱并没有能使国有企业的境况有所好转.相反,国有企业中入不敷出或收不抵支的亏损面,从15%扩大到了25%,进而又扩大到了30%以上.如若再加上假盈真亏的企业,那么,面临生死存亡的企业比重就达到了三分之二. Some people say that the biggest difficulty in economic reform is the reform of state-owned enterprises, and the difficulty is that those state-owned companies that have suffered long-term losses and are insolvent and have no hope of losing their profits. What are their solutions? This problem has almost plagued China. For several decades, the benevolent national boss has generously assumed unlimited responsibility. As the saying goes, the palms of the hands are meat, and which child does not care about their parents’ hearts. Therefore, the Party and the government adopted the so-called “collective The policy of “reserve unitary and supportive profits and losses” included all the loss-making enterprises, used fiscal subsidies to fill the gaps in endless corporate losses, and maintained a sacred and inviolable national ownership reputation through massive blood transfusions. However, the result was again How can it be achieved? Big packs and benevolent fathers and fathers do not make the situation of state-owned enterprises better. On the contrary, the losses of state-owned enterprises that have lost or failed to make ends meet have increased from 15% to 25%, and they have expanded to More than 30%. If you add a company with false positive profits, then the proportion of companies facing life and death will reach two-thirds.