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近年来,中国城市空气污染问题日益受到学界和民众的广泛关注。对城市空气质量进行科学评价并分析其相关影响因素,对于空气污染治理具有重要的理论和实践意义。中国自2013年初实施新的空气质量标准(GB 3095-2012),PM_(2.5),O_3,CO,PM_(10),SO_2,NO_2等六种污染物被列入监测指标,并由环保部信息发布平台公布污染物浓度数据。本文收集了中国113个环保重点城市2014、2015年六种污染物浓度数据,基于核密度分析法、空间热点分析法来刻画中国城市空气污染演变格局和集聚形势。通过熵值评价系统,构建了综合空气质量(CAQI)指标,并解析六种污染物对中国城市空气质量的综合影响。研究结果表明,大体上,CO和SO_2是中国大部分城市空气的主要污染物,但在不同类型城市表现出明显差异。空气质量较差的城市主要位于华北和华中地区,其中京津冀地区尤为严重。利用一般回归模型、空间滞后和空间误差回归模型探究影响城市空气质量的主要影响因素。结果表明气象条件和人类活动对城市空气质量影响显著,具体表现为工业化和城镇化因子与城市空气综合质量具有较高的相关性。空间滞后模型结果显示城市空气污染存在明显的空间溢出效应,表明临近城市之间的空气质量相互影响程度较高。因此,本研究建议政府和相关组织应加强区域联防联控和深度合作,共同治理城市空气污染问题。
In recent years, the problem of air pollution in cities in China has drawn increasing attention from academia and the public. Scientific evaluation of urban air quality and analysis of its related influencing factors have important theoretical and practical significance for air pollution control. Since the implementation of the new air quality standard (GB 3095-2012), PM_ (2.5), O_3, CO, PM_ (10), SO_2 and NO_2 in China from the beginning of 2013 have been included in the monitoring indicators. The release platform publishes the pollutant concentration data. This paper collects data on six contaminant concentrations in 113 key environmental cities in China from 2014 to 2015. Based on nuclear density analysis and spatial hotspot analysis, this paper describes the evolution of urban air pollution and the situation of agglomeration in China. Through the entropy evaluation system, the integrated air quality (CAQI) index is constructed and the comprehensive effects of six pollutants on urban air quality in China are analyzed. The results show that, in general, CO and SO_2 are the major air pollutants in most cities in China, but they show significant differences in different types of cities. Cities with poor air quality are mainly located in North China and Central China, of which the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region is particularly serious. Using general regression model, space lag and spatial error regression model to explore the main influencing factors of urban air quality. The results show that the meteorological conditions and human activities have a significant impact on the urban air quality. The concrete manifestation is the high correlation between industrialization and urbanization factors and the integrated quality of urban air. The spatial lag model shows that there is a significant spatial spillover effect on urban air pollution, indicating that the air quality between adjacent cities has a high degree of mutual influence. Therefore, this study suggests that the government and relevant organizations should strengthen regional joint prevention and control and in-depth cooperation to jointly manage urban air pollution.