通过林权制度改革进程的梳理,基于林农在制度变革阶段中的收益变化和行为决策分析的讨论和比较,以此研究林权改革过程中相关利益主体的权益关系及其利益需求。得出他们之间的利益冲突会随着改革的推进而不断变化,同时各自的利益需求也会随之发生变化。特别要指出,在20世纪90年代后逐渐深化的改革与前几个阶段有显著差别,主要表现在政府部门放权让利和林农外出务工的双重因素条件下,利益需求将会趋于均衡。总结得出,未来的研究需要更多从林农行为的视角探究各主体利益均衡问题。 Through the review of the reform process of forest tenure system, based on the discussion and comparison of forest farmers’ income changes and behavioral decision-making analysis in the stage of system reform, this paper studies the rights and interests of stakeholders and their interest needs during the reform of forest tenure. Come to the conclusion that the conflicts of interest between them will change with the reform progress, meanwhile their respective interests will change accordingly. In particular, it is pointed out that the gradual deepening of reforms after the 1990s has been markedly different from the previous stages. This is mainly reflected in the fact that the demand for benefits will tend to be balanced under the dual factor of letting and delaying the delegation of power by government departments and the work of migrant farmers. It concludes that future research needs more exploration of the balance of interests among all subjects from the perspective of forest farmers’ behavior.