染色体是细胞核内的重要结构,是基因的主要载体,染色体的数目和形态的差异是区别不同种的重要标志之一,染色体的结构和数目的变化导致生物体的变异。因此,对染色体的观察是十分必要的,是探索生物系统发生、遗传规律及进行育种的基础,是选育种中鉴定和选择育种材料必须掌握的技术。 Chromosomes are important structures in the nucleus and are the major carriers of genes. The number and shape differences of chromosomes are one of the most important markers that distinguish different species. The structure and number of chromosomes lead to the variation of organisms. Therefore, the observation of chromosomes is very necessary to explore the biological systems, genetic rules and the basis of breeding, breeding technology is to identify and select breeding materials must master the technology.