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遗传学研究表明，小胶质细胞介导的先天免疫系统在阿尔茨海默病(alzheimer disease，AD)病理进程中起着至关重要的作用。载脂蛋白E(apolipoprotein E，APOE)和髓样细胞触发受体2(triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2，TREM2)是影响AD的两大遗传危险因素。TREM2是APOE的受体，TREM2-APOE相互作用可激活小胶质细胞并使其聚集在斑块周围，在斑块的稳定性，吞噬和清除斑块，tau蛋白磷酸化和斑块相关神经毒性等病理表现中具有重要的调节功能。探究TREM2和APOE调控的小胶质细胞屏障形成和神经保护作用可以为AD的治疗提供新的策略。“,”Genetic studies showed that microglia mediated innate immune system plays an important role in the pathological process of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Apolipoprotein E (APOE) and triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) are two major genetic risk factors for AD. TREM2 is the receptor of APOE. TREM2-APOE interaction can activate microglia and make them gather around the plaque, and play an important regulatory role in the stability of plaque, phagocytosis and plaque clearance, tau protein phosphorylation and plaque related neurotoxicity. To explore the formation and neuroprotection of microglial barrier regulated by TREM2 and APOE can provide a new strategy for the treatment of AD.