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中小学教学要由“应试教育”转向全面提高国民素质的轨道,面向全体学生,全面提高学生的思想道德、文化科学、劳动技能和身体心理素质,促进学生生动活泼的发展,办出各自特色(《中国教育改革和发展纲要》)。学生的“思想道德和科学文化素质状况,不仅是当前社会文明程度的重要体现之一,而且对我国未来的社会风貌、民族精神有着决定性的影响”(《中共中央关于改革和加强中小学德育工作的通知》)。中央在《纲要》和《通知》中的这些论断,尖锐地指出了目前我们中小学改革中存在的问题,给我们的培养目标提出
The teaching of primary and secondary schools should be shifted from “exam-oriented education” to improving the overall quality of citizens, facing all students, improving students’ ideological and moral, cultural science, labor skills, and physical and psychological quality in an all-round way, promoting students’ lively development, and developing their own characteristics ( “China’s Education Reform and Development Program”). The student’s “ideological, moral, and scientific and cultural quality is not only one of the important manifestations of the current level of social civilization, but also has a decisive impact on China’s future social outlook and national spirit” (“The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Reforming and Strengthening Moral Education in Primary and Secondary Schools” announcement of"). The Central Government’s assertions in the “Outline” and “Notice” pointed out sharply the existing problems in the reform of our primary and secondary schools and put forward our training objectives.