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胸苷激酶(TK,ATP:thymidine5′-phosphotransferase,EC.2.7.1.21,简称TK)是DNA合成过程中的关键酶之一,在ATP和Mg2+参与下,催化脱氧胸苷(TdR)为脱氧1-磷酸胸苷酸(dTMP)。TK在人类细胞中以两种同功酶形式存在:细胞质胸苷激酶(TK1)和线粒体胸苷激酶(TK2)。TK1与DNA复制密切相关,在细胞周期G1期含量较低,S期逐渐升高,到G2期最高,临床研究证明,TK1在95%的恶性肿瘤细胞中都有升高,故TK1被认为是一种极具生命潜力的细胞增殖标志物,它在肿瘤早期发现、肿瘤疗效评估、肿瘤预后判断等方面都有广阔的临床应用前景。有鉴于此,本文就TK1在肿瘤疾病中的应用研究作一简要综述。
Thymidine kinase (TK: ATP, thymidine 5’-phosphotransferase, EC.2.7.1.21, referred to as TK) is one of the key enzymes in DNA synthesis. With the participation of ATP and Mg2 +, the catalytic deoxythymidine (TdR) - Thymidyl Phosphate (dTMP). TK exists as two isozymes in human cells: cytoplasmic thymidine kinase (TK1) and mitochondrial thymidine kinase (TK2). TK1 is closely related to DNA replication, with a low content of G1 in cell cycle, a gradual increase in S phase and the highest in G2 phase. TK1 is considered to be elevated in 95% of malignant cells in clinical studies A potentially life-threatening cell proliferation marker, it has broad clinical application prospects in the early detection of tumors, tumor efficacy evaluation, tumor prognosis and other aspects. In view of this, this article makes a brief review on the application of TK1 in tumor diseases.