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牙鲆(Paralichthys olivaceus)优良养殖新品种培育是防止其品种退化和提高经济效益的主要途径,数量性状遗传评估是牙鲆育种的主要方法之一。本研究利用已建立的牙鲆核心群体建立42个牙鲆家系,分别测量140、170、200、380日龄各家系生长相关性状(体重、全长和体宽),通过MINQUE、REML和BLUP方法对其进行数量遗传分析。结果显示,不同时期生长性状的变异系数为10.56%–38.62%,其中,体重的变异系数最大,全长和体宽的变异系数都较小,不同性状的变异系数均随着日龄的增加而减小。3个性状的加性方差分量比率为(0.13±0.01)–(0.29±0.06),随机方差分量比率为(0.71±0.06)–(0.87±0.01),狭义遗传力为(0.13±0.01)–(0.29±0.06),广义遗传力为(0.15±0.01)–(0.54±0.06),以上遗传参数均达极显著性水平(P<0.01)。综合比较3个性状在不同时期的遗传效应,结果发现,F0990、F1005、KS和F0719这4个群体亲本都为极显著正向效应,F0751、F0768、F0780、F09121、F0927和RS这6个群体亲本都为极显著负向效应(P<0.01),其余的亲本均为一般效应。表型相关系数在0.82–0.96之间,遗传相关系数在0.72–0.97之间。利用BLUP方法对380日龄测量的数据进行育种值估算,结果发现,亲鱼体重育种值为14.63–100.05,其中,体重育种值最高的亲鱼个体为F1005-8、F09119-11、F09125-4、F0915-57、F09104-12、F1264、F0908-38、F0927-20、F1005-53、F0990-6、F09125-7、F0751-14和F1005-42。家系平均体重育种值为20.87–35.60,其中,平均体重育种值最高的家系为F1416、F1428、F1442、F1418、F1427、F1408、F1402、F1412和F1446。以体重育种值为依据选留的家系育种值与根据表型值选留的家系育种值比较可得:体重育种值选择比其表型值的选择效率高81.91%,育种值选育更好。本研究为牙鲆优良家系的建立及新品种的培育筛选出了性状优良的亲本和家系,同时为牙鲆育种计划的制定提供了重要理论依据。
Breeding Paralichthys olivaceus is one of the main ways to prevent the degradation of cultivars and increase economic benefits. Genetic evaluation of quantitative traits is one of the main methods for breeding Paralichthys olivaceus. In this study, 42 Paralichthys olivaceus families were established using the established core population of Paralichthys olivaceus, and the growth-related traits (body weight, full length and body width) of each family at 140, 170, 200 and 380 days were measured. Methods Quantitative genetic analysis. The results showed that the coefficient of variation of growth traits at different stages was 10.56% -38.62%, of which the coefficient of variation of body weight was the largest, while the coefficient of variation of body length and width was small. The coefficient of variation of different traits increased with the increase of age Decrease The ratio of additive variance components of the three traits was (0.13 ± 0.01) - (0.29 ± 0.06), and the ratio of stochastic variance components was (0.71 ± 0.06) - (0.87 ± 0.01) and the narrow sense of heritability was (0.13 ± 0.01) - ( 0.29 ± 0.06), and the general heritability (0.15 ± 0.01) - (0.54 ± 0.06). The above genetic parameters reached the extremely significant level (P <0.01). The results showed that F0990, F1005, KS and F0719 all had extremely significant positive effects on the four parents of F0751, F0768, F0780, F09121, F0927 and RS Parents were extremely significant negative effect (P <0.01), the rest of the parents are the general effect. Phenotypic correlation coefficient between 0.82-0.96, genetic correlation coefficient between 0.72-0.97. BLUP method was used to estimate the breeding value of the 380-day-old data. The results showed that the value of broodstock breeding was 14.63-100.05, among which the highest broiler breeding value was F1005-8, F09119-11, F09125-4, F0915 -57, F09104-12, F1264, F0908-38, F0927-20, F1005-53, F0990-6, F09125-7, F0751-14, and F1005-42. The average breeding weight of the pedigree was 20.87-35.60, among which the highest average breeding value was F1416, F1428, F1442, F1418, F1427, F1408, F1402, F1412 and F1446. Based on the value of weight breeding value, the selected family breeding value was compared with the selected family value based on the phenotypic value. The results showed that the selection of weight breeding value was 81.91% higher than the phenotypic value, and breeding value was better. In this study, excellent characters of pedigree and pedigree were screened for the establishment of excellent pedigree of Japanese flounder and cultivation of new varieties, and provided an important theoretical basis for the development of the breeding program of Japanese flounder.