第二次世界大战以后,由于工业技术的发展,随着军事、航海的需要和以海底石油为主的矿产资源的勘探、开发,以及一系列国际性大规模海洋考察活动,其中特别值得指出的是50年代后期的国际地球物理年和从1968年开始并延续至今的深海钻探计划,丰富了人类对占地球表面积71％的海洋的认识,极大地推动 After the Second World War, due to the development of industrial technology, with the military and navigational needs and exploration and development of submarine oil-based mineral resources, as well as a series of large-scale international marine exploration activities, of which it is particularly worth pointing out Is the International Geophysical Year of the late fifties and the deep-sea drilling program that began in 1968 and continues to the present day, enriching human understanding of the ocean that accounts for 71% of the Earth’s surface area and greatly stimulating