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侦察卫星是利用光电遥感器或无线电接收机等设备,从轨道上对目标实施侦察、监视或跟踪,以搜集地面、海洋、空中或太空目标的情报的军用卫星。具有侦察面积大、范围广、速度快、效果好,可定期或连续监视一个地区,不受国界或地理条件的限制,提供情报确切可靠的特点。因而其数量最多,应用最广,在当代的高技术局部战争特别是信息作战中起着不可替代的作用。据称,美国目前70%以上的战略情报和战场情报是由卫星收集的。根据执行的任务和侦察设备的不同,侦察卫星一般分为照相侦察卫星、电子侦察卫星、海洋监视卫星、预警卫星和核爆炸探测卫星。
Reconnaissance satellites are military satellites that use equipment such as telemetry or radio receivers to carry out reconnaissance, surveillance or tracking of targets from orbit in order to gather intelligence on ground, sea, air or space targets. With a reconnaissance area, a wide range of speed, good effect, regular or continuous surveillance of a region, regardless of borders or geographical conditions, to provide accurate and reliable intelligence features. Therefore, it has the largest number of applications and the most extensive application. It plays an irreplaceable role in the contemporary high-tech local wars, especially in information operations. Allegedly, more than 70% of U.S. strategic intelligence and battlefield intelligence are currently collected by satellites. According to the implementation of the mission and reconnaissance equipment, reconnaissance satellites are generally divided into photographic reconnaissance satellites, electronic reconnaissance satellites, marine surveillance satellites, early warning satellites and nuclear explosion detection satellites.