“谁知”从上古的反问用法经过中古的“反问+感叹”用法和陈述用法,到唐代演化为反预期的话语标记。宋元时期,话语标记的用法臻于成熟,语义也发生了相应的变化:没有人知道——谁曾料想到、谁也没想到——不曾料到——不料,演变条件为:以陈述性小句做宾语;表述的感叹化、陈述化;指称的虚无化。 “Who knows ” from the ancient rhetorical use through the ancient “use of questions + sigh ” usage and presentation usage, to the Tang Dynasty evolved into anti-expected discourse markers. During the Song and Yuan dynasties, the usage of discourse markers reached maturity, semantics also changed correspondingly: no one knew - no one had expected it - no one expected it - unexpectedly, the evolutionary conditions were as follows: Sentences make the object; expression of the lament, stated; allegations of nothingness.