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小麦是新疆的主要粮食作物。解放前新疆主要种植春麦,解放后才大力推广冬麦,现冬麦面积约占小麦面积60％。从气候条件来看,北疆地区冬季严寒,但有积雪覆盖,一般说来冬麦尚能安全越冬。但降雪量年际之间和地区之间变化较大,加之盐碱、干旱等不利因素的影响,冬麦死亡仍较严重。所以,选育抗寒高产的冬麦新品种,是提高本区小麦产量的一项重要措施。几年来,我们在新疆八一农学院、本院玛纳斯试验站的协作和支持下,先后选育出“新冬号”冬麦品种十多个,并已在全疆推广种植300多万亩,约占冬小麦面积的三分之一。这些品种抗寒,抗旱,适应性强,产量高,在正常栽培条件下比新乌克83增产10—15％。此外,我们还向各有关兄弟单位和四级农科网提供了一批优良品系和可供杂交用的原始材料。
Wheat is the staple food crop in Xinjiang. Before liberation, Xinjiang mainly cultivated spring wheat, and promoted winter wheat after liberation. The area of winter wheat accounts for 60% of the total area of wheat. From the climatic conditions, the winter in northern Xinjiang cold, but there is snow cover, winter wheat winter in general is still safe to win. However, the variation of snowfall varies greatly between years and regions. Combined with unfavorable factors such as salinization and drought, the winter wheat death is still serious. Therefore, breeding new varieties of winter wheat with high yield and cold resistance is an important measure to improve wheat yield in this area. In the past few years, with the collaboration and support of the Manas Experimental Station of Xinjiang Bayi Agricultural College and our hospital, we have successively bred more than 10 winter wheat varieties of “New Winter” and have planted more than 3 million in Xinjiang Mu, accounting for about one-third of the area of winter wheat. These varieties of cold, drought, adaptability, high yield, under normal cultivation conditions than the new Ukraine 83 yield 10-15%. In addition, we also provided a series of fine lines and raw materials for hybrid use to all relevant fraternal units and quaternary agricultural networks.