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现已明确,组织胺、过敏性慢反应物质(SRS-A)、缓激肽(BK)、前列腺素(PG)、血栓素A_2(TXA_2)、5—羟色胺(5-HT),这些在过敏反应时释放的局部激素,能直接兴奋支气管平滑肌,引起气管强烈收缩,导致哮喘发作。近几年来又发现了一种活性很强的过敏性化学介质-血小板激活因子(Plateletactivating factor,PAF),亦能引起气管强烈收缩和过敏性休克反应,但它并非直接引起支气管和血管平滑肌收缩,主要是通过激活和聚集血小板和多形核粒细胞,促使它们释放化学介质,从而引起气管收缩等病理生理改变。目前认为,PAF与变态反应、炎症和许多免疫复合物病(如系统性红斑狼疮、血清病等)的病理变化有关。最近发现PAF还有收缩冠状动脉的作用。由于PAF涉及面较广,本文着重扼要讨论PAF与气道的关系。
It has now been clarified that histamine, SRS-A, BK, PG, TXA_2, 5-HT, Local hormones released during the reaction can directly stimulate the bronchial smooth muscle, causing strong contraction of the trachea, leading to asthma attacks. In recent years, it has also found that a highly active and allergic chemical mediator, plateletactivating factor (PAF), can also induce strong tracheal contraction and anaphylactic shock. However, it does not directly cause bronchial and vascular smooth muscle contraction, Mainly through the activation and aggregation of platelets and polymorphonuclear neutrophils, prompting them to release the chemical mediators, causing tracheal contraction and other pathophysiological changes. It is currently believed that PAF is associated with allergies, inflammation and the pathological changes of many immune complex diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus, serum sickness and the like. PAF has also been recently found to contract coronary arteries. Due to the broader coverage of PAF, this article focuses on PAF and airway relationship.