最近二三十年来,原有的权威主义国家普遍出现了民主转型的趋势,即著名政治学家亨廷顿(Samuel P.Huntington)所谓的“第三波”民主化。翻天覆地的变革不但改变了各国的政治面貌,也激发了政治学者们研究的兴趣和雄心。与此同时,政治学经过一个世纪的发展,学科内可用的理论工具大大增加了,理性选择、博弈论、新政治经济学、新制度主义等为政治发展开拓崭新的研究空间。 In the recent two or three decades, the trend of democratic transition has generally emerged in the original authoritarian countries, the so-called “third wave” of democratization by the famous political scientist Samuel P. Huntington. The earth-shaking changes have not only changed the political outlook of all countries, but also inspired the interest and ambition of political scholars to study. At the same time, after a century of political science development, the available theoretical tools in disciplines have greatly increased. Rational choices, game theory, new political economy and neo-institutionalism have opened up new research spaces for political development.