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黑皮质素受体(MCRs)有5种亚型(MC1R~MC5R),在机体各组织中分布,具有不同的生理功能。其中主要参与采食和能量代谢调节的受体是黑皮质素受体4(MC4R),它能够通过多条信号通路调节采食和能量代谢,并且在由MC4R突变体介导的2条信号传导通路中观察到由同一配体引起的偏置信号传导。本文综述了MC4R对动物采食和能量代谢的调控作用及机制,并阐述了MC4R突变对其功能的影响。
There are five subtypes of melanocortin receptors (MCRs) (MC1R ~ MC5R), distributed in various tissues of the body and have different physiological functions. The receptor mainly involved in the regulation of feeding and energy metabolism is melanocortin receptor 4 (MC4R), which regulates feed intake and energy metabolism through multiple signaling pathways, and in the two signaling mediated by MC4R mutants Bias signaling induced by the same ligand was observed in the pathway. This review summarizes the regulatory mechanism and mechanism of MC4R on animal feeding and energy metabolism, and expounds the effect of MC4R mutation on its function.