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印度长期以来被设备陈旧、技术落后、经营状况欠佳的“病态企业”所困扰。据统计,到1992年3月底,全印有“病态企业”23.6万家,其中在中央所属的244家公营企业中亏损户达131家,占50％以上。 为改革企业落后的经营机制,激发经营活力,提高国内外市场的竞争能力,印度政府自90年代以来对这些企业进行了大刀阔斧地改造。1994年制定了具体的改革计划,力争在2000年以前使所有“病态企业”消灭亏损,使有盈利的企业达到50％以上。
India has long been plagued by “sick businesses” with outdated equipment, backward technology and poor operating conditions. According to statistics, by the end of March 1992, there were 236,000 sickly companies, of which 129 were publicly owned by the central government, accounting for more than 50% of the total. In order to reform the backward operating mechanism of enterprises, stimulate business dynamism, and improve the competitiveness of domestic and foreign markets, the Indian government has made drastic changes to these companies since the 1990s. In 1994, a specific reform plan was formulated, striving to eliminate all “pathological enterprises” before the year 2000, and to make profitable companies more than 50%.