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定语从句既是高考命题的热点，又是中学英语教学中的重点和难点。高考考查中的从句，其中有些句子是定语从句，但也有些句子貌似定语从句，而实际上是其它句型句式，有的即使是定语从句却也截然不同。现将这些句子集中在一起进行对比并作简析，以供同学们参考。
一、 定语从句中易混结构辨析
1． （1） John is one of the students who know English．
（2） John is the only one of the students who knows English．
分析： 句（1）、（2）都是定语从句，在“the（only） one of ＋ 复数名词 ＋ 定语从句”结构中，先行词是one，而不是复数名词，故定语从句中谓语动词用单数形式，但在“one of ＋ 复数名词 ＋ 定语从句”句型中，先行词是复数名词，故定语从句中谓语动词要用复数形式。
2． （1） I’ll never forget the days that ／which I spent with him．
（2） I’ll never forget the day when I was born．
分析： 句（1）、（2）都是定语从句，但在句（1）中先行词days在定语从句中作spent的宾语，故定语从句由关系代词that ／ which引导，关系代词也可省略。句（2）中先行词day在定语从句中作时间状语，故定语从句要由关系副词when或on which引导。
3． （1） He failed in the exam again，as
was expected．
（2） He failed in the exam again，which was not what he had expected．
分析：这两个句子都是非限定性定语从句，只是引导词不一样，而且as和which决不能互换。句中的as和which都是用来代替主句，而不是某个先行词。as可以放在句首，which不能放在句首，当定语从句是否定句时，只能用which而不用as。
4． （1） Give me the reason why you are
late．
（2） The reason that he gave us was unacceptable．
分析： 句（1）是why引导的定语从句，相当于for which。句（2）是that引导的定语从句，that在定语从句中作gave的宾语。
5． （1） The house whose roof was damaged has been repaired．
（2） The house the roof of which was damaged has been repaired．
分析： 句（1）、（2）都是定语从句， whose ＝ of which，但whose必须放在无定冠词的名词前面，而of which常放在有定冠词的名词后。
6． （1） This is the same key as I lost yesterday．
（2） This is the same key that I lost yesterday．
分析： 句（1）、句（2）都是定语从句，但含义不同，句（1）是由as引导的，一般用在the same ．．． as结构中，表达的意思是“像……一样”，故句（1）的意思是“这把钥匙和我昨天丢的那把很像。”而句（2）是由that引导的定语从句，其含义是“这就是我昨天丢的那把钥匙”。
二、 定语从句与近似句型的区别
A． 定语从句与并列句的区别
7． （1） There are two boys in Peter’s，both of whom are white．
（2） There are two boys in Peter’s， and both of them are white．
分析：句（1）是含有定语从句的复合句。句（2）有并列连词and，所以是并列句。
8． （1） The sun is bigger than the moon， as we all know．
（2） The sun is bigger than the moon，and we all know it．
分析： 句（1）是由as引导的非限制性定语从句，as代替整个主句，在定语从句中作know的宾语。句（2）是由and连接的并列句。
9．（1） On May 5 we reached Beijing， where we stayed for a week．
（2） On May 5 we reached Beijing， and there we stayed for a week．
分析： 句（1）属于由where引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词Beijing在定语从句中作地点状语。句（2）则是由and连接的并列句，there在句中作状语。
B. 定语从句与状语从句的区别
10． （1） This kind of plant grows best at the places where it is warm and wet．
（2） This kind of plant grows best where it is warm and wet．
分析： 句（1）是由关系副词where引导的定语从句，修饰先行词places，这时的 where也可以由at which代替。句（2）是由连接副词where引导的地点状语从句，这时的where不可以由“介词 ＋ which”代替。
11． （1） Here is such a heavy stone as I can’t move．
（2） Here is such a heavy stone that I can’t move it．
分析： 句（1）是定语从句，先行词前有 such修饰时，从句用as引导，as在定语从句中作move的宾语。句（2）是such ．．． that引导的结果状语从句。
C． 定语从句与主语从句的区别
12． （1） As is known to us all，the light on the earth is given by the sun．
（2） It is known to us all that the light on the earth is given by the sun．
分析： 句（1）是由as引导的非限制性定语从句，这时的定语从句的位置很灵活，可以位于句首、句末或插在句中。as代替整个主句，在定语从句中充当主语。句（2）是含有主语从句的复合句，it作形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的从句。
D． 定语从句与强调结构的区别
13． （1） Was it October 1，1949 when the People’s Republic of China was founded？
（2） Was it on October 1，1949 that the People’s Republic of China was founded？
分析：句（1）是由关系副词when引导的定语从句，从句中的when也可以由on which代替。句（2）是强调句型，强调句中的时间状语on October 1，1949。应特别要注意句（2）中October之前的on。
E. 定语从句与同位语从句的区别
14． （1） The news that he told me is true．
（2） The news that he will come back from the U．S． is true．
分析： 句（1）是that引导的定语从句， that在定语从句中作told的直接宾语，它也可以由which代替。句（2）是that引导的同位语从句，that在同位语从句中不做任何成分，只起连结作用，但一般不能省略，也不能用which代替。
【巩固练习】
1． ① I’ll fly to Beijing , _____ is the capitalof China.
② I’ll fly to Beijing , _____ I can enjoy myself.
A. what B. that C. whereD. which
2. ① She is such a lovely girl _____ we alllike her.
② She is such a lovely girl _____ we alllike.
A. whichB. whatC. thatD. as
3. ① I’ll never forget the days _____ we worked together.
② I’ll never forget the days _____ we spent together.
A. thatB. it C. whenD. what
4. ① She is one of the best students in herclass who _____ by their teacher.
② She is the only one of the best studentsin her class who _____ by their teacher.
A. are praised B. is praised
C. praised D. praising
5. ① Tom, _____ I went to the exhibition, isan actor.
② Tom, _____ car I went to the exhibition,is an actor.
A. whose B. in whose
C. whom D. with whom
6. ① Is this the church _____ you visited the other day?
② Is this church _____ you visited theother day?
A. that B. where
C. the one D. in which
7. ① The earth goes round the sun, _____ we all know it.
② The earth goes round the sun, _____ we all know.
A. as B. whatC. thatD. and
8. ① Is it in that factory _____“Red Flag” cars are made?
② Is it that factory _____ “Red Flag” cars are made?
A. what B. whereC. that D. which
Keys: 1. ①D ②C2. ①C ②D3. ①C ②A4. ①A ②B5. ①D ②B6. ①A ②C7. ①D ②A8. ①C ②B
一、 定语从句中易混结构辨析
1． （1） John is one of the students who know English．
（2） John is the only one of the students who knows English．
分析： 句（1）、（2）都是定语从句，在“the（only） one of ＋ 复数名词 ＋ 定语从句”结构中，先行词是one，而不是复数名词，故定语从句中谓语动词用单数形式，但在“one of ＋ 复数名词 ＋ 定语从句”句型中，先行词是复数名词，故定语从句中谓语动词要用复数形式。
2． （1） I’ll never forget the days that ／which I spent with him．
（2） I’ll never forget the day when I was born．
分析： 句（1）、（2）都是定语从句，但在句（1）中先行词days在定语从句中作spent的宾语，故定语从句由关系代词that ／ which引导，关系代词也可省略。句（2）中先行词day在定语从句中作时间状语，故定语从句要由关系副词when或on which引导。
3． （1） He failed in the exam again，as
was expected．
（2） He failed in the exam again，which was not what he had expected．
分析：这两个句子都是非限定性定语从句，只是引导词不一样，而且as和which决不能互换。句中的as和which都是用来代替主句，而不是某个先行词。as可以放在句首，which不能放在句首，当定语从句是否定句时，只能用which而不用as。
4． （1） Give me the reason why you are
late．
（2） The reason that he gave us was unacceptable．
分析： 句（1）是why引导的定语从句，相当于for which。句（2）是that引导的定语从句，that在定语从句中作gave的宾语。
5． （1） The house whose roof was damaged has been repaired．
（2） The house the roof of which was damaged has been repaired．
分析： 句（1）、（2）都是定语从句， whose ＝ of which，但whose必须放在无定冠词的名词前面，而of which常放在有定冠词的名词后。
6． （1） This is the same key as I lost yesterday．
（2） This is the same key that I lost yesterday．
分析： 句（1）、句（2）都是定语从句，但含义不同，句（1）是由as引导的，一般用在the same ．．． as结构中，表达的意思是“像……一样”，故句（1）的意思是“这把钥匙和我昨天丢的那把很像。”而句（2）是由that引导的定语从句，其含义是“这就是我昨天丢的那把钥匙”。
二、 定语从句与近似句型的区别
A． 定语从句与并列句的区别
7． （1） There are two boys in Peter’s，both of whom are white．
（2） There are two boys in Peter’s， and both of them are white．
分析：句（1）是含有定语从句的复合句。句（2）有并列连词and，所以是并列句。
8． （1） The sun is bigger than the moon， as we all know．
（2） The sun is bigger than the moon，and we all know it．
分析： 句（1）是由as引导的非限制性定语从句，as代替整个主句，在定语从句中作know的宾语。句（2）是由and连接的并列句。
9．（1） On May 5 we reached Beijing， where we stayed for a week．
（2） On May 5 we reached Beijing， and there we stayed for a week．
分析： 句（1）属于由where引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词Beijing在定语从句中作地点状语。句（2）则是由and连接的并列句，there在句中作状语。
B. 定语从句与状语从句的区别
10． （1） This kind of plant grows best at the places where it is warm and wet．
（2） This kind of plant grows best where it is warm and wet．
分析： 句（1）是由关系副词where引导的定语从句，修饰先行词places，这时的 where也可以由at which代替。句（2）是由连接副词where引导的地点状语从句，这时的where不可以由“介词 ＋ which”代替。
11． （1） Here is such a heavy stone as I can’t move．
（2） Here is such a heavy stone that I can’t move it．
分析： 句（1）是定语从句，先行词前有 such修饰时，从句用as引导，as在定语从句中作move的宾语。句（2）是such ．．． that引导的结果状语从句。
C． 定语从句与主语从句的区别
12． （1） As is known to us all，the light on the earth is given by the sun．
（2） It is known to us all that the light on the earth is given by the sun．
分析： 句（1）是由as引导的非限制性定语从句，这时的定语从句的位置很灵活，可以位于句首、句末或插在句中。as代替整个主句，在定语从句中充当主语。句（2）是含有主语从句的复合句，it作形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的从句。
D． 定语从句与强调结构的区别
13． （1） Was it October 1，1949 when the People’s Republic of China was founded？
（2） Was it on October 1，1949 that the People’s Republic of China was founded？
分析：句（1）是由关系副词when引导的定语从句，从句中的when也可以由on which代替。句（2）是强调句型，强调句中的时间状语on October 1，1949。应特别要注意句（2）中October之前的on。
E. 定语从句与同位语从句的区别
14． （1） The news that he told me is true．
（2） The news that he will come back from the U．S． is true．
分析： 句（1）是that引导的定语从句， that在定语从句中作told的直接宾语，它也可以由which代替。句（2）是that引导的同位语从句，that在同位语从句中不做任何成分，只起连结作用，但一般不能省略，也不能用which代替。
【巩固练习】
1． ① I’ll fly to Beijing , _____ is the capitalof China.
② I’ll fly to Beijing , _____ I can enjoy myself.
A. what B. that C. whereD. which
2. ① She is such a lovely girl _____ we alllike her.
② She is such a lovely girl _____ we alllike.
A. whichB. whatC. thatD. as
3. ① I’ll never forget the days _____ we worked together.
② I’ll never forget the days _____ we spent together.
A. thatB. it C. whenD. what
4. ① She is one of the best students in herclass who _____ by their teacher.
② She is the only one of the best studentsin her class who _____ by their teacher.
A. are praised B. is praised
C. praised D. praising
5. ① Tom, _____ I went to the exhibition, isan actor.
② Tom, _____ car I went to the exhibition,is an actor.
A. whose B. in whose
C. whom D. with whom
6. ① Is this the church _____ you visited the other day?
② Is this church _____ you visited theother day?
A. that B. where
C. the one D. in which
7. ① The earth goes round the sun, _____ we all know it.
② The earth goes round the sun, _____ we all know.
A. as B. whatC. thatD. and
8. ① Is it in that factory _____“Red Flag” cars are made?
② Is it that factory _____ “Red Flag” cars are made?
A. what B. whereC. that D. which
Keys: 1. ①D ②C2. ①C ②D3. ①C ②A4. ①A ②B5. ①D ②B6. ①A ②C7. ①D ②A8. ①C ②B