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根据国外文献报道,无论在平时还是战时,军队指战员由于中暑都会造成大批减员,甚至因工作能力和战斗力明显降低致使战斗中断(Dpy J.,1954;Delahaye R.,1964;Minard D.,1967,Dukes-Dobos F.,1981)。1977年,F.Ellis 指出,军事行动时,中暑在干燥炎热地区和高山沙漠地区最易发生。在多数教科书和手册中,一般将中暑分为两种类型——热射病和日射病。实际上,中暑有多种类型,其发病机制各不相同,因此,在治疗上也就应区别对待。根据国际卫生组织的分类法,中暑有9种类型:热射病、日射病、热虚脱、热痉挛、水中毒、因人体失水所致的热衰竭、全身脱水、对热气候无力反应(暂时性的热疲劳)、足和小腿的热浮肿,
According to the overseas literature, there are a large number of military officers and men killed in stroke sufferers, both in peacetime and in wartime. As a result, fighting disruptions are caused even by a marked reduction in work ability and combat effectiveness (Dpy J., 1954; Delahaye R. 1964; Minard D. 1967 , Dukes-Dobos F., 1981). In 1977, F. Ellis pointed out that in military operations, heat stroke is most likely to occur in hot and dry deserts and desert areas in the mountains. In most textbooks and manuals, heat stroke is generally classified into two types - thermohazards and sunburn. In fact, there are many types of stroke, and their pathogenesis is different, so they should be treated differently. According to the classification of the World Health Organization, there are nine types of heat stroke: pyrexia, solar encephalopathy, pyrexia, hot spasms, water poisoning, heat exhaustion due to dehydration of the human body, dehydration of the body, and inability to respond to the hot climate (temporary Thermal fatigue), foot and calf heat edema,