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清代作家李绿园《歧路灯》是中国古代写实风格的长篇教育小说,其结构之严谨、人物描写之成就、风土人情描写之精细理应在中国古代小说史上占一席之地。小说中描写了大量的戏曲活动为我们了解清康、雍、乾时期中州地区的戏曲提供了极有价值的参考资料。但小说中的戏曲描写是为小说的艺术性服务的,即戏曲描写为人物性格特征的塑造、情节的推进和故事结构产生了重要影响。除了这些,我们发现,小说中的戏曲描写饱含深意,它与谭绍闻的起落人生一起构成了作品的潜在呼应关系,二者相互隐喻,上演了一出极具复调意味的人生悲喜剧。
Qing Dynasty writer Li Lvyuan’s “Qu Qi Lu Deng” is a long educational novel with realistic style in ancient China. Its structure is rigorous, the achievements of characterization, and the fine description of customs and practices of human beings and land should occupy a place in the history of ancient Chinese novels. A lot of drama activities are described in the novel, which provide valuable reference for our understanding of the operas in Zhongzhou during the period of the Qing Emperor Yong, Yong and Qian. However, the description of the drama in the novels serves the artistic service of the novel, that is, the description of drama is the characterization of the characters, the promotion of the plot and the structure of the story have an important influence. In addition to these, we find that the description of the drama in the novel is full of meaning, which, together with the life and death of Tan Shaowen, constitutes the potential echo of the work. Both of them metaphorical metaphor and staged a very sad and comedy drama of life.