“道德风险”是当今世界许多经济学家都在关注的一个问题。尤其是新制度经济学家对这个问题作了有益的探讨。本文将对“道德风险”的内涵、表现形式、形成的原因及其“道德风险”理论的基本问题作一初步分析。 一 在市场经济中,各种欺诈、违约、投机取巧等现象不断地产生。这类现象在国外也叫作“道德风险”。“道德风险”原是研究保险合同时提出的概念。在保险合同的签署中,一方面由于投保人可能怀有谎报风险的动机,从而使保险公司难以针对不同投保人的实际风 “Moral hazard” is a problem that many economists in the world are paying attention to. In particular, the new system economists have made useful discussions on this issue. This article will make a preliminary analysis of the connotation, manifestations and causes of “moral hazard” and the basic problems of “moral hazard” theory. In a market economy, all kinds of fraud, default, speculation and other phenomena continue to arise. Such phenomena are also called “moral hazard” in foreign countries. “Moral hazard” was originally proposed in the study of insurance contracts. In the signing of insurance contracts, on the one hand, insured persons may have the motive to misrepresent themselves, which makes it difficult for insurance companies to target the actual winds of different policyholders