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以矮化自根砧富士和嘎拉苹果为试材,分析测定了其叶片矿质营养的周年变化规律。结果表明,生长期内,富士叶片氮、磷、钾含量在8—10月较为稳定,钙、铁、锰含量在8—9月较为稳定,镁含量变化较小;嘎拉叶片氮、磷、钾含量在8—9月较为稳定,钙、镁、铁、锌在7—8月较为稳定。富士叶片钙含量在5、7月较低,铁含量在6月和8—9月较低;嘎拉叶片磷、钾含量均在8月最低,均在10月有小幅升高,钙含量在5月最低,且在落叶前20天明显下降,铁含量在5月和7—8月较低;富士和嘎拉叶片硼含量均在6、9月较低,铜含量均在7、8月明显升高。与富士相比,嘎拉叶片锰、锌、镁、磷、钾、钙和铁含量相对较高,而硼、铜和氮含量相对较低。因此,应明确矮化自根砧苹果品种的营养需求特点,进行适期科学施肥。
Taking dwarf self-rooted Fuji and Gala apple as test materials, the annual variation of mineral nutrition in leaves was analyzed and determined. The results showed that the contents of N, P and K in Fuji leaves were stable in August-October, and the contents of calcium, iron and manganese were stable in August-September, Potassium content in the 8-9 months is more stable, calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc in July-August is more stable. The content of calcium in Fuji leaves was lower in May and July and the content of iron was lower in June and August-September. The contents of phosphorus and potassium in plant were the lowest in August, both increased slightly in October, The lowest in May, and significantly decreased 20 days before deciduous, iron content in May and July-August low; Fuji and Gala leaf boron content in June and September are low, copper content in July and August Significantly increased. Compared with the Fuji, Gala leaf manganese, zinc, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and iron content is relatively high, while boron, copper and nitrogen content is relatively low. Therefore, should dwarf the self-rooted apple varieties nutritional needs of the characteristics of scientific and timely fertilization.