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列维纳斯试图从形而上学的角度回答“人为什么必须是伦理的”这个问题。他对他者的脸进行伦理学的分析,指出我之所以成为伦理的人是因为我不得不如此,我是被选择的,是他者命令我、要求我成为一个伦理的人。这里呈现出一种为他的而不是为己的、被动的而不是主动的、伦理的而不是认知的主体性。这样的主体性不同于主客体层面上的主体性,是在与他者的交往关系中被建构起来的负责的主体性。
Levinas tries to answer the question “why human beings must be ethical” from a metaphysical point of view. He conducts an ethical analysis of the other’s face, pointing out that the reason why I became ethical is because I have to, I have been chosen, and the other has ordered me to ask me to become an ethical person. Here, a rather passive, rather than active, ethical rather than cognitive subjectivity is seen for him rather than for himself. This kind of subjectivity is different from the subjectivity in subjectivity and subjectivity and is the responsible subjectivity that is constructed in the relationship with others.