论文部分内容阅读
2·1 引言纯铁是强度很低的材料,而钢材提供的强度范围很宽,从低屈服强度(约200MNm~(-2))直到极高屈服强度(约2000MNm~(-2))应有尽有。通常为获得所需的机械性能,复合使用了多种强化机理,在这些情况下,难以定量地确定每一种强化机理对强度的影响。因此,本章所讨论的是纯铁强化的某些基本途径,并以简单的铁基合金为例说明这些强化现象。这些结论有助于分析成分比较复杂的钢材的力学性能。纯铁象其它金属一样,能为多种基本的强化机理所强化,其中最重要的强化机理是: (1)加工硬化;(2)形成间隙固溶体引起的固溶强化;(3)形成置换固溶体引起的固溶强化;(4)晶粒尺寸的微细化;(5)弥散强化,包括片状和任意形状的弥散组织引起的弥散强化。
2.1 INTRODUCTION Pure iron is a very low strength material and steel offers a wide range of strengths ranging from low yield strength (about 200 MNm -2) to very high yield strength (about 2000 MNm -2) . In general, to achieve the desired mechanical properties, multiple strengthening mechanisms are used in combination, in which case it is difficult to quantitatively determine the effect of each strengthening mechanism on strength. Therefore, this chapter discusses some of the basic approaches to the strengthening of pure iron, and illustrates these strengthening phenomena using simple iron-based alloys as an example. These conclusions help to analyze the mechanical properties of the more complex steel. Pure iron, like any other metal, can be reinforced with a variety of basic strengthening mechanisms, the most important strengthening mechanisms being: (1) work hardening; (2) solution strengthening caused by the formation of interstitial solid solution; (3) formation of replacement solid solution (4) Grain size refinement; (5) Dispersion strengthening, including dispersion strengthening due to lamellar and randomly shaped diffuse tissues.