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头颈癌的原发部位和病理类型之多，居全身肿瘤之首。由于缺乏有效的早期检测和风险评估手段，头颈癌患者的存活率较低，早期筛选和发现是改善患者存活率的关键。生物标志物的研究与应用为改善头颈癌早期诊断、分级、复发及预后评估等提供了重要手段。该文主要阐述头颈癌的影响因素和形成机制，并讨论目前已发现的头颈癌生物标志物，包括DNA甲基化、基质金属蛋白酶及细胞因子等。“,”The number of primary positions and pathological types of head and neck cancer is the largest in all cancers,but survival rate is relatively low for lack of early detection and risk evaluation. Early screening and detection are the keys for improving survival rate of head and neck cancer,the study and application of biomarkers may provide approach to improve early diagnosis,grading,relapse and prognosis evaluation. Epi-demiology and formation mechanism of head and neck cancer were summarized in the paper. The current bio-markers of head and neck cancer had been discussed,which included methylation,matrixmetal loproteinases and cytokines would review.