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窗口坝是泥石流拦挡坝常用类型之一,其设计仍以设计者的经验和水工设计方法为主,尚缺乏理论依据和技术支持。窗口坝设计时如何选择合理的开口尺寸、数量,使其达到良好的拦砂效果,是目前急需解决的技术问题。通过实验对窗口坝拦截不同性质泥石流时的闭塞类型及其临界条件进行了探讨,发现窗口坝拦截稀性、过渡性泥石流时表现为全闭塞、部分闭塞和不闭塞3种类型:当F≤0.95时,窗口坝全闭塞;当0.951.5时,窗口坝不闭塞。窗口坝拦截粘性泥石流时表现为全闭塞和部分闭塞2种类型:当F≤2.7时,窗口坝全闭塞;当F>2.7时,窗口坝部分闭塞。
Window dam is one of the commonly used types of debris flow dam, its design is still based on the experience of designers and hydraulic design methods, the lack of theoretical basis and technical support. How to select a reasonable size and number of openings in the design of a window dam to achieve a good sand-blocking effect is a technical problem that needs to be solved urgently. Through the experiment, the types and the critical conditions of blockage when different types of debris flow were intercepted by the window dam were discussed. It was found that the three types of blockage, partial occlusion and non-occlusion were found when the window dam intercepted dilute and transitional debris flow: F≤0.95 , The window dam is completely blocked; when the window dam is partially closed at 0.95 1.5. Window dam intercept viscous debris flow showed full occlusion and partial occlusion of two types: when F≤2.7, the window dam completely blocked; when F> 2.7, the partial closure of the dam.