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胶体晶体模板法是制备三维有序大孔(3DOM)复合氧化物材料的有效方法。制备过程一般包括3个步骤:首先,将单分散微球堆积成三维有序排列的胶体晶体;其次,将液态前驱体填充到胶体晶体的间隙,并在原位转化为固体骨架;最后,将微球去除,在原来微球间的空隙位置得到固体骨架,原来微球占据的位置则成为相互连接的孔穴。其中,胶体晶体模板的组装、前驱体的填充以及模板的去除都是制备3DOM复合氧化物的关键影响因素。本文针对这几个控制因素对胶体晶体模板法制备3DOM复合氧化物的影响进行了概述,并对孔结构的表征以及材料在催化和电极材料等方面的应用作了简单介绍。
The colloidal crystal template method is an effective method to prepare 3DOM complex oxide materials. The preparation process generally consists of three steps: first, the monodisperse microspheres are deposited into three-dimensionally ordered colloidal crystals; secondly, the liquid precursor is filled into the interstitial spaces of colloidal crystals and converted into a solid skeleton in situ; finally, The microspheres are removed, and the solid framework is obtained at the original gap between the microspheres. The original position occupied by the microspheres becomes the interconnected cavity. Among them, the colloidal crystal template assembly, precursor filling and template removal are the key factors for the preparation of 3DOM composite oxide. In this paper, the influence of these control factors on the preparation of 3DOM composite oxide by colloidal crystal template method is summarized. The characterization of pore structure and the application of materials in catalysis and electrode materials are briefly introduced.