世界卫生组织(World Health Organization,WHO)组建了全球疫苗可预防侵袭性细菌性疾病(Invasive Bacterial Vaccine-preventable Diseases,IB-VPD)哨点医院监测网络,建议成员国在大型综合性医院(通常为儿童医院)里,开展<5岁儿童脑膜炎哨点监测,采集脑脊液(Cerebrospinal Fluid,CSF)标本,开展细菌性病原实验室检测,为制定肺炎球菌疫苗和b型流行性感冒(流感)嗜血杆菌(Haemophilus Influenzae Type b,Hib)疫苗免疫策略提供依据。哨点监测难以计算脑膜炎发病率,原因是无法获得脑膜炎高风险儿童的分母数。为此,WHO开发了一种快速评估方法,计算哨点医院覆盖地区的脑膜炎高风险儿童的分母数。该方法首先需要满足:(1)从人口普查、居民登记或其他行政管理数据中,获得分地区<5岁儿童的人口数;(2)出入院登记本或其他医疗档案中包含患者的 The World Health Organization (WHO) has established a surveillance network for the sentinel hospital for the Invasive Bacterial Vaccine-preventable Diseases (IB-VPD), recommending that member countries meet in large general hospitals, Children’s Hospital), we carried out the meningitis sentinel surveillance in children <5 years old and collected cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples to carry out laboratory tests on bacterial pathogens. In order to develop pneumococcal vaccine and influenza b (influenza) bloodthirsty Bacillus (Haemophilus Influenzae Type b, Hib) vaccine immunization strategies provide the basis. Sentinel monitoring makes it difficult to calculate the incidence of meningitis because of the inability to obtain the denominator for children at high risk for meningitis. To this end, WHO has developed a rapid assessment method to calculate the denominator of high-risk children with meningitis in areas covered by sentinel hospitals. The method first needs to satisfy: (1) obtaining the population of children <5 years of age in subregion from the population census, resident registration or other administrative data; (2) registering patients or other medical records containing patients