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半导体光催化剂吸收太阳光分解水制氢或还原CO2,实现了太阳能燃料生产,不仅可获取清洁、可再生、高热值的太阳能燃料,还能有效减少CO2的排放.层状双金属氢氧化物(LDHs)是一类基于水镁石结构的二维阴离子黏土矿物材料,具有独特的层状结构、主体层金属阳离子可调性、客体阴离子可交换、多维结构和可分层等优势,在CO2还原、光电催化水产氧及光解水制氢等领域研究广泛,有望成为新型半导体光催化材料.但单纯LDHs载流子迁移率低和电子空穴复合率高,在太阳辐射下的量子效率非常低.因此,研究人员采用缺陷控制、设计多维结构或偶联不同类型半导体构建异质结等方法,获得高能量转换效率的LDH基光催化剂.本文首先总结了传统光催化剂的优缺点及其能带分布,阐述了LDHs的六个主要方面特性,包括主体层板金属阳离子可调性、客体阴离子插层、热分解、记忆效应、多维结构特征及分层,进而提出LDH基光催化材料在增强反应物吸附活化、扩宽吸光范围、抑制光生载流子与空穴复合三个方面的改性策略.然后,分析了LDH光催化剂的光催化水解产氢反应机理,并从材料结构与性能的关联,概述LDH基复合光催化剂(金属硫化物LDH复合材料、金属氧化物LDH复合材料、石墨相氮化碳LDH复合材料)、三元LDH基光催化剂及混合金属氧化物光催化剂在水分解制氢领域的研究进展.最后,分析了LDH光催化还原CO2反应机理,归纳石墨相氮化碳复合LDH材料、MgAl-LDH基复合光催化剂、CuZn-LDH光催化剂及其它半导体系列LDH的结构特点和在还原CO2领域的研究进展.尽管LDH基光催化剂研究取得了一定的进展,但是对LDH的结构调控及其光催化机理仍需进一步探索,光催化活性位点、不同组分之间的协同作用和界面反应机理还有待进一步研究.未来LDH在光催化领域的应用可以微观尺度调控和宏观性能为导向设计,进一步研究不同组分的协同效应、界面反应及材料组成对物理化学性质的影响,不断完善LDH基光催化剂的理论系统和开发其应用潜能.“,”Splitting water or reducing CO2 via semiconductor photocatalysis to produce H2 or hydrocarbon fuels through the direct utilization of solar energy is a promising approach to mitigating the current fossil fuel energy crisis and environmental challenges. It enables not only the realization of clean, renewable, and high-heating-value solar fuels, but also the reduction of CO2 emissions. Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) are a type of two-dimensional anionic clay with a brucite-like structure, and are characterized by a unique, delaminable, multidimensional, layered structure;tunable in-tralayer metal cations; and exchangeable interlayer guest anions. Therefore, it has been widely investigated in the fields of CO2 reduction, photoelectrocatalytic water oxidation, and water photol-ysis to produce H2. However, the low carrier mobility and poor quantum efficiency of pure LDH limit its application. An increasing number of scholars are exploring methods to obtain LDH-based pho-tocatalysts with high energy conversion efficiency, such as assembling photoactive components into LDH laminates, designing multidimensional structures, or coupling different types of semiconduc-tors to construct heterojunctions. This review first summarizes the main characteristics of LDH, i.e., metal-cation tunability, intercalated guest-anion substitutability, thermal decomposability, memory effect, multidimensionality, and delaminability. Second, LDHs, LDH-based composites (metal sul-fide-LDH composites, metal oxide-LDH composites, graphite phase carbon nitride-LDH composites), ternary LDH-based composites, and mixed-metal oxides for splitting water to produce H2 are re-viewed. Third, graphite phase carbon nitride-LDH composites, MgAl-LDH composites, CuZn-LDH composites, and other semiconductor-LDH composites for CO2 reduction are introduced. Although the field of LDH-based photocatalysts has advanced considerably, the photocatalytic mechanism of LDHs has not been thoroughly elucidated; moreover, the photocatalytic active sites, the synergy between different components, and the interfacial reaction mechanism of LDH-based photocatalysts require further investigation. Therefore, LDH composite materials for photocatalysis could be de-veloped through structural regulation and function-oriented design to investigate the effects of different components and interface reactions, the influence of photogenerated carriers, and the impact of material composition on the physical and chemical properties of the LDH-based photo-catalyst.