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关于学术研究的方法与理论,赵元任先生曾作出论述,认为一般来说,“理论就是对一系列事物所作的系统表述,而方法则是研究这些事物以便得到关于这些事物的理论的途径和手段”。这说明,首先要有对事物、事实、材料的认识、清理,接着纔有方法的选取,然后纔有理论的归纳。一般而言,方法是在分析事实之后产生的,理论又是在实行特定的方法,对事实作系统表述之后显现的。
On the methods and theories of academic research, Zhao Yuanren once made the argument that, in general, “theory is a systematic expression of a series of things, and the method is to study these things in order to get the ways and means for the theory of these things ”. This shows that, first of all, there must be things, facts, materials, understanding, clean-up, and then have the choice of methods, and then a theoretical induction. In general, the method is generated after the analysis of the facts, and the theory emerges after the implementation of a specific method and the systematic formulation of the facts.